A nurse is caring for a client who has not completed their advance directives. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Advise the family that a spiritual advisor will explain what life-sustaining measures are

Intervene if the client makes a health care decision the nurse does not agree with

Ensure the client has identified a health care surrogate.

Inform the client that once advance directives have been agreed upon, no changes can be implemented.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Advise the family that a spiritual advisor will explain what life-sustaining measures are: While spiritual advisors can provide support, the nurse should focus on ensuring the client understands their rights and options rather than delegating decision-making explanations to family or advisors. The client’s autonomy is the priority.

B. Intervene if the client makes a health care decision the nurse does not agree with: The nurse must respect the client’s autonomy and decisions regarding their care, even if they personally disagree. Intervening based on personal beliefs violates ethical and legal principles of patient rights.

C. Ensure the client has identified a health care surrogate: Helping the client designate a health care surrogate ensures that someone is authorized to make decisions if the client becomes incapacitated. This is a critical step in advance care planning and aligns with legal and ethical standards.

D. Inform the client that once advance directives have been agreed upon, no changes can be implemented: Advance directives can be updated or revoked at any time while the client is competent. Providing inaccurate information could limit the client’s rights and autonomy, so the nurse should clarify that changes are always possible.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A. Administer betamethasone: Betamethasone is indicated to promote fetal lung maturity in a client at 31 weeks gestation at risk for preterm delivery. Administering corticosteroids reduces neonatal complications and is appropriate for this high-risk pregnancy.

B. Give antihypertensive medication: The client’s blood pressure readings (162/112 mm Hg and 166/110 mm Hg) indicate severe hypertension, which requires prompt management to prevent maternal complications such as stroke, eclampsia, or organ damage. Administering antihypertensives is a priority in controlling blood pressure.

C. Monitor intake and output hourly: Frequent monitoring of fluid balance is essential due to the risk of renal impairment from preeclampsia. Hourly intake and output helps detect oliguria or fluid retention, which can indicate worsening maternal status or impending complications.

D. Perform a vaginal examination every 12 hr: Routine vaginal examinations are avoided in clients with preeclampsia or severe hypertension due to the risk of inducing labor or causing trauma. Vaginal exams should be performed only when medically indicated.

E. Obtain a 24-hr urine specimen: Measuring proteinuria via a 24-hour urine collection helps evaluate the severity of preeclampsia and guides clinical management. This client has 3+ protein on urinalysis, confirming significant proteinuria.

F. Provide a low-stimulation environment: Reducing stimuli helps prevent exacerbation of headache, hypertension, and risk for seizures. A calm, quiet environment is a standard intervention for clients with severe preeclampsia.

G. Maintain bed rest: Bed rest with lateral positioning promotes uteroplacental perfusion, reduces blood pressure, and helps prevent complications such as eclampsia. The intervention supports maternal and fetal stability in the acute phase of severe preeclampsia.

A. Progestin oral contraceptive B. Vaginal etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol contraceptive ring C. Transdermal estrogen/progesterone patch D. Injectable synthetic progestin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Progestin oral contraceptive: Progestin-only oral contraceptives (often called the “mini-pill”) are safe to use immediately postpartum for breastfeeding clients because they do not affect milk production. They provide effective contraception without the risks associated with estrogen-containing methods.

B. Vaginal etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol contraceptive ring: Combination estrogen-progestin contraceptives, such as the vaginal ring, are generally not recommended immediately postpartum for breastfeeding clients because estrogen can reduce milk supply and may increase the risk of thromboembolism.

C. Transdermal estrogen/progesterone patch: Similar to other estrogen-containing methods, the transdermal patch is not recommended immediately postpartum for breastfeeding clients due to potential interference with lactation and increased thromboembolism risk.

D. Injectable synthetic progestin: Injectable progestin (e.g., depot medroxyprogesterone acetate) is safe for breastfeeding, but it is not ideal for immediate postpartum use if the client wishes for rapid return to fertility later, since its effects can last for several months. It may also have delayed effects on bone density with long-term use.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has not completed their advance directives. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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