A nurse is caring for a client who has influenza and isolation precautions in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?
Administer metronidazole.
Don protective eyewear before entering the room.
Place the client in a negative airflow room.
Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the client.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Administer metronidazole:
Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. It is not effective against viral infections like influenza. Administering metronidazole would not prevent the spread of influenza.
B. Don protective eyewear before entering the room:
Protective eyewear is typically worn when there is a risk of exposure to bodily fluids or other potentially infectious materials that could splash or splatter into the eyes. While protective eyewear is an important infection control measure in certain situations, it is not specifically indicated for preventing the spread of influenza, which primarily spreads through respiratory droplets.
C. Place the client in a negative airflow room:
Negative airflow rooms are designed to prevent airborne transmission of infectious agents by maintaining negative air pressure, which prevents contaminated air from flowing out of the room and into adjacent areas. While negative airflow rooms may be used for certain infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, they are not typically indicated for influenza, which primarily spreads through respiratory droplets. Moreover, negative airflow rooms are often limited in availability and may not be necessary for every client with influenza.
D. Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the client.
Influenza is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Wearing a mask when working within close proximity (within 3 feet) of the client helps prevent the nurse from inhaling respiratory droplets containing the influenza virus, reducing the risk of transmission. Masks act as a barrier that helps trap respiratory secretions and prevent them from reaching the nurse's mouth and nose.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Reposition the client every 4 hours:
While repositioning is essential for preventing pressure injuries, the recommended frequency for repositioning depends on the individual client's condition, risk factors, and facility protocols. Four-hour intervals may not be sufficient for some clients, especially those at higher risk, and more frequent repositioning may be necessary.
B. Raise the head of the client's bed to a 60° angle:
Raising the head of the bed to a 60° angle may help with positioning for comfort and respiratory support but does not directly address the prevention of pressure injuries. In fact, maintaining the head of the bed elevated at such a high angle for prolonged periods could potentially increase pressure on the sacrum and increase the risk of pressure injuries in other areas.
C. Ensure the client's heels are not touching the mattress.
Keeping the client's heels off the mattress helps to alleviate pressure on this vulnerable area, reducing the risk of pressure injuries. Pressure injuries commonly occur over bony prominences when pressure is exerted on the skin over an extended period, leading to tissue damage. The heels are particularly susceptible due to the limited tissue padding and continuous pressure when lying in bed. Elevating the heels with appropriate support, such as foam pads or pillows, helps to redistribute pressure and minimize the risk of pressure injuries.
D. Massage the client's bony prominences:
Massaging bony prominences is contraindicated for clients at risk of pressure injuries as it can increase friction and shear forces on the skin, leading to tissue damage. Massage should be avoided over areas prone to pressure injuries to prevent further trauma to the skin.
Correct Answer is ["B","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Phosphorous level: While phosphorus is important for bone health, deficiencies are rare in individuals with a normal diet and are not typically associated with osteoporosis.
B. Vitamin D level: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate vitamin D levels can lead to decreased calcium absorption and increase the risk of osteoporosis.
C. Smoking history: Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis due to its adverse effects on bone metabolism, but the client is a nonsmoker, so this finding does not apply.
D. Alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for osteoporosis, but the client does not drink alcohol, so this finding does not apply.
E. Activity level: A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercises and physical activity help maintain bone density and strength, reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
F. Lactose intolerant: Lactose intolerance may lead to decreased intake of dairy products, which are a significant source of calcium. Inadequate calcium intake can contribute to decreased bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis.
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