A nurse is teaching a client how to self-administer heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Use an 18-gauge, 1-inch needle to administer the medication.

Inject 5.1 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus.

Expel air bubble before injecting medication.

Massage the injection site after withdrawing the needle.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Use an 18-gauge, 1-inch needle to administer the medication. An 18-gauge needle is too large for subcutaneous heparin injections, which require a smaller, finer needle, typically 25- to 27-gauge and ⅜- to ⅝-inch in length. The smaller gauge reduces discomfort and is appropriate for subcutaneous tissue.

B. Inject 5.1 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus. Heparin injections should be given at least 2 inches from the umbilicus to avoid areas with dense blood vessels, which decreases the risk of hematoma formation and improves medication absorption.

C. Expel air bubble before injecting medication. For prefilled heparin syringes, the small air bubble should not be expelled, as it helps ensure the full dose is administered and can reduce bruising by sealing the medication in the tissue.

D. Massage the injection site after withdrawing the needle. Massaging the site after a heparin injection is not recommended as it increases the risk of bruising and tissue irritation. Instead, gentle pressure may be applied briefly if there is bleeding at the site.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Metabolic syndrome:

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. These conditions include elevated blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

B. Family history of alcohol use disorder:

While a family history of alcohol use disorder may contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, excessive alcohol consumption itself can contribute to cardiovascular problems.

C. Hypotension:

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is generally not considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, low blood pressure is often associated with a reduced risk of certain cardiovascular events.

D. Participation in competitive sports:

Participation in competitive sports, in general, is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, regular physical activity is often recommended for cardiovascular health. However, the specific type and intensity of sports activities, as w

A. Eyelashes that curl slightly outward. B. Eyelids that blink involuntarily 30 to 35 times per minute C. Corneas with an opaque appearance D. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Eyelashes that curl slightly outward:

This is the correct answer. The direction and curl of eyelashes vary among individuals, but eyelashes that curl slightly outward are a normal and expected finding. This characteristic does not typically indicate any pathology or abnormality.

B. Eyelids that blink involuntarily 30 to 35 times per minute:

The normal range for involuntary blinking is approximately 15 to 20 times per minute. A rate of 30 to 35 blinks per minute may suggest increased nervousness or anxiety and is not within the expected normal range.

C. Corneas with an opaque appearance:

Normal corneas should have a clear and transparent appearance. Opacity of the cornea can be indicative of various eye conditions, such as corneal edema or scarring, and is not an expected finding in a healthy eye.

D. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter:

The normal range for pupil size is approximately 2 to 6 mm in diameter. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter may indicate abnormal dilation (mydriasis) and can be associated with conditions such as drug toxicity or neurological issues.

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