A nurse is caring for a client who has hyponatremia and is receiving an infusion of a prescribed hypertonic solution.
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

Improved cognition.

Cardiac arrhythmias absent.

Decreased vomiting.

Absent Chvostek’s sign.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Hyponatremia is a condition where the sodium level in the blood is too low, which can cause confusion, lethargy, seizures, and coma. A hypertonic solution is a fluid that has a higher concentration of solutes than the blood, which can help raise the sodium level and reduce the brain swelling caused by hyponatremia. Therefore, improved cognition indicates that the treatment is effective.

Choice B. Cardiac arrhythmias absent.

Cardiac arrhythmias are not a common symptom of hyponatremia unless it is severe or rapid in onset.

Therefore, their absence does not necessarily indicate that the treatment is effective.

Choice C. Decreased vomiting.

Vomiting can be a cause or a consequence of hyponatremia, depending on the underlying condition.

Decreased vomiting may indicate that the patient is less nauseated, but it does not reflect the sodium level or the brain status.

Choice D. Absent Chvostek’s sign.

Chvostek’s sign is a facial twitching that occurs when tapping on the cheek, which indicates hypocalcemia (low calcium level).

It is not related to hyponatremia or hypertonic solution.

Normal ranges for sodium are 135 to 145 mEq/L and for calcium are 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Pioglitazone is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called thiazolidinediones, which are used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity. One of the common side effects of pioglitazone is edema, which is swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissues. This can lead to fluid retention and weight gain and may worsen heart failure in some patients.

Choice A is wrong because tinnitus, which is ringing or buzzing in the ears, is not a known side effect of pioglitazone.

Choice B is wrong because insomnia, which is difficulty falling or staying asleep, is not a known side effect of pioglitazone.

Choice C is wrong because orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying position, is not a known side effect of pioglitazone.

In fact, pioglitazone may cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used with other diabetes medications, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, and confusion.

A. The client has a BUN level of 18 mg/dL. B. The client reports a history of nausea with cefuroxime. C. The client has a history of a severe penicillin allergy. D. The client takes an aspirin daily.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider because cefuroxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic that can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in people who are allergic to penicillin. The nurse should not administer cefuroxime to this client until the provider is notified and an alternative antibiotic is prescribed.

Choice A is wrong because the client has a BUN level of 18 mg/dL, which is within the normal range of 7 to 20 mg/dL.

This does not indicate any renal impairment or adverse reaction to cefuroxime.

Choice B is wrong because the client reports a history of nausea with cefuroxime, which is a common side effect of this drug.

The nurse should instruct the client to take cefuroxime with food to reduce nausea, but this is not a priority to report to the provider.

Choice D is wrong because the client takes aspirin daily, which does not interact with cefuroxime.

The nurse should monitor the client for any signs of bleeding or bruising while taking aspirin, but this is not a priority to report to the provider.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has hyponatremia and is receiving an infusion of a prescribed hypertonic solution. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

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A nurse is caring for a client who has hyponatremia and is receiving an infusion of a prescribed hypertonic solution.
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?