A nurse is caring for a client who has a new onset of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which of the following interventions by the nurse is the highest priority?

Initiate IV fluid replacement.

Measure the client's urinary output.

Administer insulin.

Teach the client about manifestations of HHS

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Initiate IV fluid replacement is the highest priority intervention. HHS is characterized by severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis resulting from hyperglycemia. IV fluid replacement is essential to correct dehydration and restore intravascular volume, which can help improve tissue perfusion and prevent further complications.
B.   Monitoring urinary output is important in assessing renal function and response to fluid replacement therapy. However, it is not the highest priority intervention.
C.   While insulin therapy is an essential part of managing hyperglycemia in HHS, it is not the highest priority intervention at the immediate onset of HHS.

D.   Patient education about the manifestations and management of HHS is important for long-term management and prevention of recurrence. However, it is not the highest priority when the client is experiencing an acute episode of HHS.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Morphine is a central nervous system depressant that can help decrease anxiety and relieve dyspnea in clients with acute heart failure. Therefore, a decrease in anxiety would indicate that the medication has been effective in achieving its intended outcome.
A. Emesis, or vomiting, is not an expected outcome of morphine administration in the context of acute heart failure.
B. While morphine can help alleviate dyspnea, an increased respiratory rate may indicate respiratory distress rather than effective symptom relief.
D. Morphine does not directly affect urinary output, and a decrease in urinary output may indicate other issues such as renal dysfunction or fluid overload.

A. Phosphorus B. Triiodothyronine 3 C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Calcium

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the thyroid hormones, and in Graves' disease, there is excessive production of thyroid hormones, including T3. Therefore, T3 levels are often elevated in individuals with Graves' disease due to the hyperthyroid state.
A. Phosphorus levels are typically not significantly affected by Graves' disease.
C. In Graves' disease, there is typically suppression of TSH secretion due to the negative feedback from elevated levels of thyroid hormones. Therefore, TSH levels are typically decreased (low) in individuals with Graves' disease.
D. Calcium levels are typically not directly affected by Graves' disease.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new onset of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which of the following interventions by the nurse is the highest priority?

Nursing Test Bank

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