A nurse is caring for a client receiving 0.9% NSS infusing at 150 mL/hr. Which statement(s) made by the client should alert the nurse to suspect fluid overload? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. This is the part of the IV administration set that pierces the IV bag or bottle to allow fluid to flow into the tubing. The plastic insertion spike must remain sterile because it comes into direct contact with the fluid within the IV container. Contamination of the spike could introduce microorganisms into the IV solution.

B. The catheter adapter or hub is the part of the IV administration set where the IV catheter or cannula connects. It is crucial for this part to remain sterile to prevent introducing pathogens into the bloodstream during catheter insertion or manipulation.

D. The Y-site injection port is a branching point in the IV tubing where additional medications or fluids can be infused into the IV line. It must remain sterile to prevent contamination when administering medications or secondary infusions.

C. The drip chamber is located in the IV tubing, just below the IV bag or bottle. It is designed to visualize and regulate the flow of IV fluid into the patient. It does not directly contact the bloodstream or the IV fluid inside the tubing.

E. Roller clamp to regulate flow (Option E) does not necessarily need to be sterile because it does not come into direct contact with IV fluid or the patient's bloodstream. However, it should be handled with clean hands to maintain general cleanliness and to prevent contamination of other sterile parts of the IV set.

A. Bathing can indeed foster a nurse-client relationship. It provides an opportunity for interaction and communication between the nurse and the client, promoting trust and rapport.

B Bathing can contribute to the client's overall sense of well-being. It promotes comfort, relaxation, and a feeling of cleanliness, which are important aspects of holistic care.

C. Bathing allows the nurse to visually assess the client's skin integrity. During the process, the nurse can identify any changes in skin color, presence of lesions, wounds, or other abnormalities that may require further assessment or intervention.

D. Bathing, particularly when accompanied by gentle massage or movement of limbs, can stimulate circulation. This helps improve blood flow to tissues, aiding in wound healing and reducing the risk of complications such as pressure ulcers.

E. Depending on the type of bath products used (e.g., moisturizing soap or bath oils), bathing can help moisturize the skin. This is especially beneficial for clients with dry skin or conditions that predispose them to skin dryness.