The nurse knows that many medications given to clients have predictable, secondary effects which may be harmful or may be beneficial. The nurse always includes these effects in client teaching.

A. Establishing a trusting relationship is crucial in nursing care, including when addressing spiritual distress. This intervention allows the nurse to create a safe space for the client to express their feelings, concerns, and spiritual beliefs. It fosters open communication and helps the nurse understand the depth of the client's distress, which is essential for providing effective support and care.

B. Understanding the client's belief system, including their beliefs in a Supreme Being or higher power, is important in addressing spiritual distress. This information helps the nurse provide culturally and spiritually sensitive care that aligns with the client's values and preferences. However, while important, this would typically follow establishing a trusting relationship as it involves a deeper understanding of the client's spiritual perspective.

C. This response may come from a well-intentioned desire to reassure the client, but it oversimplifies the client's concerns and does not address the root of spiritual distress. Spiritual distress is often complex and may involve existential questions, fears, or conflicts related to beliefs, meaning, and purpose.

Offering simplistic reassurances without addressing these deeper issues may not effectively alleviate the client's distress.

D. Spiritual distress is distinct from physical problems, although it can manifest with physical symptoms. Focusing solely on the physical aspects may overlook the spiritual and existential concerns that underlie the client's distress. While it's important to assess physical symptoms comprehensively, this approach does not directly address the spiritual distress identified by the nurse.

D. These effects are not the primary intended outcomes of the medication, but are known possible reactions that can occur in addition to the main therapeutic effect.

A. Synergistic effects refer to the combined action of two or more substances or medications that results in an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.

B. Adverse effects are unintended and potentially harmful effects of a medication, even when the medication is used at therapeutic doses and in the correct manner.

C. Therapeutic effects are the desired and beneficial effects of a medication that contribute to treating or managing a medical condition. These effects are intended and typically guide the prescribing and administration of medications.