The nurse is assessing a client who has a respiratory problem. Which clinical manifestation is most reflective of early hypoxia?

Confusion

Apnea

Cyanosis

Dysrhythmias

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Confusion can be an early sign of hypoxia, especially when oxygen delivery to the brain is compromised. Inadequate oxygenation can affect cognitive function and mental status, leading to confusion. This occurs because the brain is highly sensitive to changes in oxygen levels.

B. Apnea refers to the absence of breathing. While severe hypoxia can lead to respiratory arrest and apnea, it is not typically an early manifestation of hypoxia. Early hypoxia is characterized by attempts to increase ventilation to compensate for decreased oxygen levels, rather than complete cessation of breathing.

C. Cyanosis occurs when there is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. Cyanosis is a late sign of hypoxia and usually indicates significant oxygen deprivation. It is not typically seen in early hypoxia stages.

DDysrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) can occur as a result of hypoxia, especially if the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen. However, dysrhythmias are generally considered a later manifestation of hypoxia, as the heart attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B.This formulation is not intended for administration through a gastrostomy tube and could be harmful to the patient. It is essential to consult with a pharmacist or physician to find a suitable alternative that is safe for administration through the gastrostomy tube

A. Ibuprofen is typically administered orally (PO) and is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

C. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication crucial for maintaining thyroid hormone levels in individuals with hypothyroidism. It is typically administered orally in the morning on an empty stomach to ensure optimal absorption.

D. Liquid formulations are suitable for administration through gastrostomy tubes, as they are generally well-tolerated and absorbed.

A. document the error. B. call the physician. C. notify the supervisor. D. assess the client.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Assessing the client is the nurse's first responsibility when a medication error is suspected. The nurse should promptly assess the client's condition to determine if any harm has occurred as a result of the error. This assessment includes vital signs, physical assessment, and evaluation of any signs or symptoms related to the medication error.

A. Documenting the medication error is important for accurate record-keeping and subsequent investigation. However, it should not be the nurse's first action. The priority should be to assess and address any potential harm to the client.

B. Calling the physician may be necessary depending on the severity of the error and the client's condition. However, it is not the first responsibility of the nurse in response to a suspected medication error. The nurse's primary concern should be the immediate assessment and management of the client's condition.

C. Notifying the supervisor or charge nurse is an important step to report the incident and seek guidance on next steps. Supervisors can assist in managing the situation, implementing corrective measures, and ensuring appropriate documentation and reporting procedures are followed. This is typically one of the first actions after ensuring the client's safety.

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The nurse is assessing a client who has a respiratory problem. Which clinical manifestation is most reflective of early hypoxia?

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