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A nurse is caring for a client on a pediatric unit.

Exhibits
Select the effective interventions for managing diarrhea in children

A.

Clear liquid diet

B.

Hydration therapy

C.

Low-fiber diet

D.

Electrolyte replacement

E.

Opioid analgesics

F.

Antibiotic administration

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

Rationale:

  • Hydration therapy is the cornerstone of pediatric diarrhea management, as children are at high risk for rapid fluid loss and dehydration. Both oral rehydration solutions and IV fluids may be necessary depending on severity.
  • Electrolyte replacement helps correct imbalances caused by frequent watery stools, especially sodium and potassium losses, preventing complications like hypovolemia and arrhythmias.
  • Clear liquid diet provides gentle reintroduction of fluids and easy-to-digest intake, helping to maintain hydration while minimizing gastrointestinal irritation.
  • Low-fiber diet may reduce stool bulk but is not a primary intervention for acute diarrhea.
  • Opioid analgesics are contraindicated in children with diarrhea due to risk of bowel obstruction and toxicity.
  • Antibiotic administration is only appropriate when a bacterial cause has been confirmed; most pediatric diarrhea is viral and self-limiting.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. This occurs when there is hypoventilation, leading to elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH. In this case, the PaCO2 is low (32 mm Hg) and the pH is high (7.48), so this is not consistent with respiratory acidosis.

B. The high pH (7.48) indicates alkalosis, and the low PaCO2 (32 mm Hg) shows that the alkalosis is caused by excessive exhalation of CO2, characteristic of respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 is normal, indicating the kidneys have not yet compensated.

C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low HCO3. Here, the pH is elevated and HCO3 is normal, so this is not consistent with metabolic acidosis.

D. Metabolic alkalosis would present with high pH and elevated HCO3, often due to vomiting or diuretic use. In this scenario, HCO3 is normal, indicating the alkalosis is not metabolic in origin.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Simply saline locking the IV catheter would interrupt the continuous infusion of nutrients, which can lead to hypoglycemia in clients receiving TPN.

B. Hanging only the IV fat emulsion is insufficient to meet the client’s total nutritional and caloric needs; it does not prevent hypoglycemia.

C. Calling the provider for new TPN orders is unnecessary if the original prescription is still valid; the priority is maintaining glucose levels until the TPN arrives.

D. If the TPN solution is unavailable, D₁₀W (10% dextrose in water) should be infused to prevent hypoglycemia, as TPN provides continuous glucose supply and abrupt discontinuation can cause dangerous drops in blood sugar.

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