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A nurse is caring for a client.

Nurses' Notes

Day 1:

1300:

Client has a 2.5 cm (1 in) x 2.5 cm (1 in) stage 2 pressure injury to dorsal lateral aspect of left heal; wound bed red, moist, approximated edges; surrounding skin inflamed, red,, non-tender to palpation. Client reports pain score of 0 on 0 to 10 pain scale. Pedal pulse left foot 1+, unable to assess capillary refill due to toe fungus bilaterally, Pedal pulse right foot 2+. Wound care as prescribed; heel floated on pillow.

Medical History

Day 1:

Diabetes mellitus Hyperlipidemia

Labs

Day 1

Hct 38% (37% to 47%)

Hgb 13 (12 g/dL to 16 g/dL)

WBC 11,500/mm3 (5000 to 10,000/mm3)

Potassium 3.6 mEq/L (3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L)

Pre-albumin level 10 mg/dL (15 to 36 mg/dL)

Albumin: 3.0 g/dL (3.5 to 5 g/dL)

Fingerstick blood glucose, fasting 186 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)

Select the 5 findings that can cause delayed wound healing.

Potassium level

Prealbumin level

History of diabetes mellitus

History of hyperlipidemia

Wound infection

Decreased pedal perfusion

Fasting blood glucose

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F

A.   Potassium level is incorrect because it is within the normal range and does not affect wound healing directly.
B.   Prealbumin level is correct because it is low, indicating malnutrition and poor protein intake, which are essential for tissue repair and immune function.
C.   History of diabetes mellitus is correct because it causes impaired blood flow, increased risk of infection, and delayed inflammatory response, which all hinder wound healing.
D.   History of hyperlipidemia is correct because it causes atherosclerosis and reduced blood supply to the affected area, which limits oxygen and nutrient delivery to the wound.
E.   Wound infection is correct because it increases inflammation, tissue damage, and metabolic demands, which prolong the healing process and may lead to complications.
F.   Decreased pedal perfusion is correct because it indicates poor circulation to the lower extremities, which impairs wound healing by reducing oxygen and nutrient delivery to
the wound.
G.   Fasting blood glucose is incorrect because it is not a direct cause of delayed wound healing, but rather a reflection of the client's diabetes management. However, high blood glucose levels can impair wound healing by affecting blood flow, immune function, and collagen synthesis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The reported tympanic temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F) is within normal range.
B. The blood pressure (BP) reading of 98/58 mm Hg indicates a relatively low diastolic pressure. Diastolic pressure is an important indicator of perfusion to vital organs, especially the coronary arteries and the brain. It's crucial to ensure that this reading is accurate.
C. The reported pulse rate of 92/min falls within the normal range for an adult at rest.
D. The reported respiratory rate of 18/min is within the normal range for an adult at rest.

A. Dehydration B. Pernicious anemia C. bladder infection D. Prostate enlargement

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Dehydration is unlikely to cause blood-tinged urine. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, but it typically does not cause blood in the urine.
B. Pernicious anemia is a condition related to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can lead to a decrease in red blood cell production. However, it is not directly associated with blood in the urine.
C. Bladder infection can cause blood in the urine, but it is more commonly associated with symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and burning during urination. If blood is present, it is usually due to inflammation of the bladder lining.
D. Prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause blood-tinged urine. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, and enlargement can lead to irritation and bleeding from the urinary tract.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An assistive personnel (AP) reports a client's vital signs as tympanic temperature 37.1° C (98.8° F), pulse 92/min, respiratory rate 18/min, and BP 98/58 mm Hg. Which of the following vital signs should the nurse re-measure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and notes blood-tinged urine in the catheter bag. The nurse recognizes this finding can be a manifestation of which of the following urinary alterations?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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