A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL

Acetone odor to breath

Malignant hypertension

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL is not typical in diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, and blood glucose levels are usually significantly elevated.

B. Acetone odor to breath is a classic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis. The presence of ketones, including acetone, can result in a fruity or sweet odor to the breath. This is often referred to as "ketone breath."

C. Malignant hypertension is not a typical manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is more commonly associated with dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis.

D. Cheyne-Stokes breathing is not a characteristic respiratory pattern seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. Respiratory changes in DKA are more likely to involve rapid and deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations) as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Is used to replace fluid loss.

Isotonic solutions, such as normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and lactated Ringer's solution, are used to replace fluid loss in situations such as dehydration, surgery, trauma, or other conditions where there is a need for fluid resuscitation.

B. Usually do not provide calories.

Isotonic solutions typically do not contain calories. They are designed primarily for fluid replacement and do not contribute to the nutritional needs of the patient.

C. Does not expand intravascular volume.

This statement is incorrect. Isotonic solutions are used to expand intravascular volume. When infused into the bloodstream, isotonic solutions help restore and maintain adequate blood volume. They do not cause significant shifts of fluids between compartments.

D. Mostly do not provide free water.

Isotonic solutions generally do not provide free water. They have the same osmolality as body fluids, meaning that they do not cause a net movement of water into or out of cells, and they maintain the osmotic balance.

E. Has the same osmolality as body fluids.

Isotonic solutions have the same osmolality as body fluids, which means they do not cause a net movement of water into or out of cells. This characteristic makes them suitable for situations where there is a need to expand intravascular volume without causing significant shifts in fluid compartments.

A. "Wear compression stockings daily." B. "Have an eye examination once per year." C. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels." D. "Examine your feet carefully every day."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Wear compression stockings daily":

Compression stockings are not directly related to preventing the complications of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. They are more commonly recommended for managing conditions like venous insufficiency and preventing blood clots.

B. "Have an eye examination once per year":

While regular eye examinations are important for monitoring and early detection of diabetic retinopathy, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is more directly related to preventing the progression of retinopathy.

C. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels":

This is the correct instruction. Stable blood glucose levels are crucial in preventing and minimizing the long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). Consistent blood glucose control is key to reducing the risk of complications.

D. "Examine your feet carefully every day":

Daily foot examinations are essential for preventing diabetic foot complications, including ulcers and infections. While important for overall diabetes management, foot care is not specifically directed at preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.

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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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