A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the urology unit with complaints of shortness of breath and a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following pathophysiological changes in the renal system led to the admitting diagnosis of chronic kidney disease?
Chronic nephropathies that lead to fibrosis and destruction of normal kidney structure and function
Obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down
Reduction of blood flow to the kidneys
Acute tubular necrosis caused by the damage to the cells of the renal tubules leading to cell death and a decreased glomerular filtration rate
The Correct Answer is A
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A.Hypokalemia usually causes muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and cramps, not hyperreflexia.
B.While dehydration might be a consequence of vomiting and diarrhea, extreme thirst is not a typical symptom specifically related to hypokalemia. It's more associated with the body's response to fluid loss.
C.Potassium is essential for cardiac conduction. Hypokalemia can cause dysrhythmias, irregular pulse, and weak heart contractions due to decreased excitability of myocardial cells.
D.Hyperactive bowel sounds might be present in clients with gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, but they are not directly caused by hypokalemia. They are more likely a consequence of the underlying gastrointestinal condition causing the electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Elevated systolic blood pressure: Acute glomerulonephritis can often cause hypertension (high blood pressure), especially in the setting of kidney inflammation. Elevated blood pressure can be a common finding.
B. Fever: In acute glomerulonephritis, fever can occur, particularly during the acute phase of the illness, as it often follows an infection like strep throat. Fever might be present, but it's not always a consistent finding.
C. Palpable kidney masses: Palpable kidney masses are not typical findings in acute glomerulonephritis. This condition primarily involves inflammation within the kidneys and doesn't usually cause palpable masses.
D. Diffuse abdominal pain: Acute glomerulonephritis can cause nonspecific abdominal discomfort.
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