A nurse is caring for a client with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy who has been admitted for a urinary tract infection. A student nurse asks what causes benign prostatic hypertrophy in men. The nurse should respond with which of the following statements?
"It is an inherited disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts in the kidney that continue to grow and multiply eventually leading to renal failure."
"It is caused by smooth muscle and epithelial cells multiplying at an uncontrolled rate within the transition zone."
"It is caused by infections such as streptococcal bacteria, bacterial endocarditis, viral kidney infections, and HIV and leads to inflammation from antibodies to the bacteria build up in the glomeruli."
"It is caused by plaque made of calcium in the interstitial tissue of the renal papilla which continues to grow, breaking through the membrane of the renal pelvis into the urine."
The Correct Answer is B
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
No explanation
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
A.Gentamicin is known to be nephrotoxic and can potentially cause kidney damage, especially if not properly monitored for dosage and duration of use. Therefore, this client is at increased risk for AKI due to the medication.
B.Heart failure, particularly when it is acute or decompensated, can reduce renal perfusion, leading to prerenal acute kidney injury. In heart failure, the reduced cardiac output leads to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which can impair kidney function and result in AKI.
C.Postoperative clients may have hypovolemia, hypotension, or sepsis, all of which are common triggers of AKI. Surgery-related stress and anesthesia may also decrease renal perfusion.
D.Pneumonia itself does not directly cause acute kidney injury. In the absence of complications like sepsis or dehydration, pneumonia alone is not a significant direct risk for AKI.
E. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause lupus nephritis, an intrarenal cause of AKI. An exacerbation increases this risk due to inflammation or immune complex deposition in the kidneys.
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