A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of this disorder?

Dyspnea

Fever

Petechiae

A heart murmur

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Dyspnea can indicate heart failure or embolic events resulting from infective endocarditis, making it a serious complication that warrants attention.
B. Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis due to the infection but is not a complication; rather, it is part of the disease process.
C. Petechiae are small red or purple spots that can occur with infective endocarditis but are also not considered a complication, rather a manifestation of the condition.
D. A heart murmur may be present due to valvular damage but is not classified as a complication; it is a common finding in infective endocarditis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Providing a consistent daily routine helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with dementia, aiding in their orientation and functioning.
B. Allowing the client to choose activities can lead to frustration or confusion if they are unable to remember options or make decisions, thus requiring structure.
C. Using an overhead loudspeaker may confuse the client and is not effective for communication; it is often better to provide information in person.
D. Posting a written schedule can be helpful but should be combined with a consistent routine for optimal understanding and orientation. Providing a structured environment is crucial for clients with dementia.

A. Ambulation pattern B. Muscle movements C. Speech D. Orientation status E. Facial rigidity

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

Assessment Findings and Rationale

1. Ambulation Pattern

Parkinson's Disease: The slow and shuffling gait is characteristic of Parkinson's disease due to muscle rigidity and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Patients often exhibit a stooped posture and a shuffling gait.

2. Muscle Movements

Parkinson's Disease: Unilateral resting tremors and generalized muscle stiffness are hallmark signs of Parkinson's disease, which affects motor control due to basal ganglia degeneration. As the disease progresses, bilateral tremors and stiffness develop.

3. Speech

Parkinson's Disease: Slow and slurred speech is common in Parkinson's disease as a result of muscle rigidity affecting speech production.

Stroke: Speech difficulties such as slurred speech may also occur in stroke patients due to dysarthria, which arises from motor control deficits.

Multiple Sclerosis: Speech issues, including slurred speech, can also be seen in multiple sclerosis due to neurological involvement and muscle control issues.

4. Orientation Status

Parkinson's Disease: Disorientation to date and time can be seen in later stages of Parkinson's disease as cognitive decline may accompany the motor symptoms.

Stroke: Cognitive deficits, including disorientation, can result from stroke, especially if it affects the areas of the brain responsible for cognition.

Multiple Sclerosis: Orientation issues may also occur in multiple sclerosis as cognitive impairment can be part of the disease process.

5. Facial Rigidity

Parkinson's Disease: Facial rigidity, often described as a "masked face," is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease, resulting from decreased facial muscle control.

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A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of this disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has dementia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client. Exhibits For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with Parkinson's disease, stroke, and/or multiple sclerosis. Each finding can support more than one disease process.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

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