A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about consuming a healthy diet to reduce stress. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Increase intake of saturated fats.
Limit alcohol intake to 3 drinks per day.
Choose complex carbohydrates each day.
Consume less than 2000 mg of sodium per day.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason : Increasing intake of saturated fats is not recommended for reducing stress. Saturated fats can contribute to the development of heart disease by raising cholesterol levels and should be limited in a healthy diet.
Choice B reason : Limiting alcohol intake is generally a good practice, but specifying "3 drinks per day" is not accurate. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
Choice C reason : Choosing complex carbohydrates each day is beneficial for managing stress. Complex carbohydrates can increase the amount of serotonin in the brain, which has a calming effect. Foods rich in complex carbohydrates include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes⁷.
Choice D reason : Consuming less than 2000 mg of sodium per day is part of a healthy diet, but it is not specifically related to stress reduction. The American Heart Association recommends no more than 2300 mg a day and moving toward an ideal limit of no more than 1500 mg per day for most adults.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is: d. Formal operational
Choice A: Concrete operational
During the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11, children develop logical thinking skills. They begin to understand the concept of conservation, the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance. However, their thinking is still very concrete and tied to tangible objects and real events. Abstract thinking is not yet developed at this stage.
Choice B: Sensorimotor
The sensorimotor stage spans from birth to about 2 years of age. In this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Abstract thinking does not occur in this stage as infants are focused on immediate sensory experiences and motor activities.
Choice C: Preoperational
The preoperational stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic. Their thinking is still egocentric, meaning they have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own. Abstract thinking is not a characteristic of this stage.
Choice D: Formal operational
The formal operational stage begins around age 12 and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the development of abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning. Individuals in this stage can think about abstract concepts, consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions, and use systematic ways to solve problems. This stage marks the emergence of scientific reasoning and the ability to think about abstract ideas.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason : Inability to form healthy relationships is not typically associated with fixation at the oral stage of development. Freud's theory suggests that this issue is more related to the Oedipal conflict during the phallic stage, where the individual's interactions with parental figures shape their future relationships.
Choice B reason : Feelings of shame are generally associated with the anal stage of Freud's psychosexual development, where the child's experiences with toilet training can lead to outcomes that manifest as either excessive orderliness or messiness in adulthood, rather than shame, which is not directly linked to the oral stage.
Choice C reason : Bedwetting is not a condition associated with the oral stage of development. It is more related to the anal stage, where issues of control and independence are central, and bedwetting can be a manifestation of conflicts around toilet training.
Choice D reason : Overeating is a classic example of an oral stage fixation. According to Freud, if an individual's needs are not properly met during the oral stage (0–1 years), they may develop habits such as overeating or smoking to satisfy the residual need for oral stimulation.
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