A nurse is assessing the therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR) range for a patient receiving Warfarin. Which INR range below is therapeutic?

Choice A : While vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting, warfarin works by blocking the action of vitamin K. Therefore, clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to avoid fluctuations in their response to the medication. Inconsistent vitamin K intake can affect the effectiveness of warfarin. The nurse should educate the client to consume a consistent amount of vitamin K-containing foods rather than emphasizing "lots" of vitamin K.

Choice B : Warfarin is an anticoagulant that increases the risk of bleeding. Taking aspirin (another blood-thinning medication) along with warfarin can further enhance this risk. The nurse should emphasize that clients should avoid taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without consulting their healthcare provider while on warfarin therapy.

Choice C : Alcohol can interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. Clients should be advised to limit alcohol consumption while taking warfarin. The nurse should educate the client that alcohol intake should be moderate and consistent, rather than encouraging wine consumption.

Choice D :While it is essential to minimize the risk of cuts and bleeding, the use of an electric razor is not specific to warfarin therapy. Clients should be cautious with any sharp objects, including razors, to prevent bleeding. The nurse should provide general safety instructions for shaving, but this choice does not directly relate to warfarin effects.

Choice A reason: Scheduling the next appointment for 1 year from now is a standard practice for patients who are considered to be in good health and have no immediate medical concerns. Given the patient's normal BP and BMI, along with no reported medical problems, this would typically be an appropriate action. However, it is essential to consider the patient's age and race, as African American men are at a higher risk for certain conditions, such as prostate cancer, which may warrant more frequent monitoring.

Choice B reason: While providing information for a weight loss plan that includes increasing physical activity is generally beneficial, it may not be necessary for this patient. His BMI is 24, which falls within the normal range (18.5-24.9), indicating that he is not overweight. Therefore, unless the patient expresses a desire to lose weight or improve fitness, this action might not be a priority.

Choice C reason:Offering information on reducing risk factors for hypertension is always a positive step in preventive healthcare. However, the patient's BP is 126 mm Hg, which is considered a normal reading (normal BP range is 90/60 mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg). Therefore, while education on maintaining a healthy lifestyle is valuable, it may not be the most critical action for this visit.

Choice D reason:Scheduling a PSA test is recommended for African American men starting at age 45 due to their increased risk of prostate cancer. The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, which can be an indicator of prostate cancer. Given the patient's demographic, this proactive screening measure is advisable, despite the absence of symptoms or previous medical problems.