A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has left-sided heart failure.
Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see in this client? (Select all that apply.).

Gastrointestinal bloating.

Jugular vein distention.

Tachycardia.

Orthopnea.

Dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Choice A rationale:

Gastrointestinal bloating is not a typical clinical manifestation of left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure primarily affects the pulmonary circulation, leading to symptoms such as dyspnea and orthopnea, but not gastrointestinal symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

Jugular vein distention is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure. In left-sided heart failure, the congestion typically occurs in the pulmonary circulation, leading to respiratory symptoms, whereas jugular vein distention is a sign of elevated central venous pressure often seen in right-sided heart failure.

Choice C rationale:

Tachycardia is a common clinical manifestation of left-sided heart failure. As the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, it compensates by increasing the heart rate to maintain cardiac output.

Choice D rationale:

Orthopnea is a classic symptom of left-sided heart failure. Clients with left-sided heart failure often experience difficulty breathing when lying flat and find relief when sitting upright. This is due to the redistribution of blood in the lungs when changing positions.

Choice E rationale:

Dyspnea is another hallmark symptom of left-sided heart failure. It is caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) due to the impaired ability of the left ventricle to effectively pump blood, leading to congestion in the pulmonary circulation.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Albuterol primarily acts as a bronchodilator by opening up the airways. It does not have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Inhaled corticosteroids are more commonly used to reduce airway inflammation in asthma.

Choice B rationale:

Albuterol, a beta-2 agonist, helps with breathing by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, which opens them up. This action allows for improved airflow and ease of breathing. Therefore, this choice is correct.

Choice C rationale:

Albuterol is used to relieve bronchospasm, which can prevent wheezing in individuals with asthma. It does not have a direct effect on reducing mucus production or coughing.

Choice D rationale:

Albuterol does not increase the amount of mucus production. In fact, it can help reduce coughing by relieving bronchospasm, but it does not directly suppress coughing episodes.

Choice E rationale:

Albuterol can help reduce coughing episodes by improving airflow and reducing the irritation that leads to coughing.

A. pH 7.50 and HCO3 31 mm Hg. B. pH 7.30 and HCO3 19 mm Hg. C. pH 7.47 and PaCO2 31 mm Hg. D. pH 7.32 and PaCO2 50 mm Hg.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is: C.

Choice A reason: A pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 31 mm Hg suggest a metabolic alkalosis due to the high bicarbonate level. However, during a panic attack, hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic, due to the excessive exhalation of CO2, which is not consistent with this option.

Choice B reason: A pH of 7.30 and HCO3 of 19 mm Hg indicate a metabolic acidosis due to the low bicarbonate level. This is not typically associated with hyperventilation during a panic attack, which usually causes respiratory alkalosis, characterized by a decrease in CO2 levels and an increase in pH.

Choice C reason: A pH of 7.47 and PaCO2 of 31 mm Hg are indicative of respiratory alkalosis, which is expected during hyperventilation as a result of a panic attack. Hyperventilation causes a decrease in carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels, leading to an increase in pH. The normal ranges for arterial blood gases are: pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, and HCO3 22-26 mEq/L.

Choice D reason: A pH of 7.32 and PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg suggest respiratory acidosis due to the elevated PaCO2 level. This would be more consistent with hypoventilation, which is not the case during a panic attack where hyperventilation occurs.

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A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has left-sided heart failure.Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see in this client? (Select all that apply.).

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma. The client asks the nurse how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has left-sided heart failure.
Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see in this client? (Select all that apply.).