A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving warfarin therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available in the event of an overdose?

Epinephrine

Vitamin K

Atropine

Protamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason : Epinephrine is an adrenergic agonist primarily used in the management of cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and severe asthma attacks. It is not used to reverse the effects of warfarin overdose. Warfarin acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, and epinephrine has no role in this mechanism.

Choice B reason : Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin toxicity. Warfarin works by inhibiting the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. In the event of an overdose, vitamin K is administered to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and restore the clotting factor levels to normal. The administration can be oral or intravenous, depending on the severity of the overdose and the urgency of the situation.

Choice C reason : Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate) and as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. It does not have a role in reversing warfarin overdose as it does not affect the clotting cascade or vitamin K metabolism.

Choice D reason : Protamine is used to reverse the effects of heparin, another anticoagulant, but not warfarin. Protamine sulfate binds to heparin, forming a stable complex and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Since warfarin's mechanism of action is different from heparin's, protamine is not effective in reversing warfarin toxicity.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason : Morphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve severe pain and can be administered to patients with myocardial infarction to alleviate chest pain and anxiety. However, it is not the first medication given as it does not address the underlying cause of the myocardial infarction, which is the formation of a blood clot in the coronary arteries.

Choice B reason : Nitroglycerin is a nitrate that helps to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow. It can be used to relieve chest pain in myocardial infarction, but similar to morphine, it is not the initial medication of choice. The priority is to prevent further blood clotting.

Choice C reason : Administered as soon as possible to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce clot progression.

Choice D reason : When a myocardial infarction (MI) is suspected, the priority is to address tissue hypoxia and ensure adequate oxygenation to minimize myocardial damage. Administering oxygen helps increase oxygen availability to the ischemic heart tissue, reducing further damage.

A. The test will be complete in 30 to 60 minutes. B. You may feel a slight tingling while the test is being done. C. The radioactivity from the dye lasts only a few hours. D. I will need to apply electrodes to your chest and extremities.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason : The statement that the test will be complete in 30 to 60 minutes is incorrect. An ECG is a quick, non-invasive procedure that typically takes only a few minutes to perform.

Choice B reason : The statement about feeling a slight tingling is not accurate for an ECG. This test does not cause any sensations, as it simply records the electrical activity of the heart.

Choice C reason : The mention of radioactivity from dye is not applicable to an ECG. This test does not involve the use of any dyes or radioactive substances. Dyes are typically used in imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs, not ECGs.

Choice D reason : This is the correct statement. For an ECG, electrodes are placed on the patient's chest and extremities to record the electrical activity of the heart. This allows the healthcare provider to assess the heart's rhythm, identify any irregularities, and diagnose conditions.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving warfarin therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available in the event of an overdose?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who has a suspected myocardial infarction. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer first?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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