A nurse is assessing a school-age child who has moderate dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Decreased respirations
Polyuria
Bradycardia
Orthostatic hypotension
The Correct Answer is D
A. Decreased respirations: Moderate dehydration typically does not cause respiratory depression. Respiratory changes are more commonly associated with severe acid-base imbalances or advanced dehydration.
B. Polyuria: Dehydration leads to decreased fluid volume, which generally results in oliguria (reduced urine output) rather than polyuria. Increased urination is not an expected finding in moderate dehydration.
C. Bradycardia: Dehydration usually causes a compensatory increase in heart rate (tachycardia) to maintain cardiac output. Bradycardia is not typical unless there is a severe or underlying cardiac issue.
D. Orthostatic hypotension: Loss of fluid volume from diarrhea and vomiting can decrease circulating blood volume, leading to a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This is an expected cardiovascular manifestation of moderate dehydration in school-age children.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B,C"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"}}
Explanation
- Lymphadenopathy: Generalized lymphadenopathy, or swelling of the lymph nodes, is a common symptom of measles and rubella, but not typically a defining feature of fifth disease.
- Koplik spots in the mouth: Pathognomonic for measles, appearing as tiny white lesions on the buccal mucosa before the rash. Their presence essentially confirms measles over other viral exanthems.
- Red rash on the face: Occurs in all three illnesses but with different patterns — measles starts at the hairline and spreads downward, rubella begins on the face and spreads quickly, and fifth disease presents with a “slapped cheek” appearance before spreading.
- Fever: Common to all three conditions but differs in severity — measles typically produces higher fevers, rubella causes mild fever, and fifth disease may have low-grade fever or none.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Choose high-fat cheese as a meat substitute: Cheese is an animal-derived product and not part of a vegan diet. Additionally, it is high in saturated fat, which can contribute to cardiovascular risk.
B. Choose foods high in vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so vegans are at risk for deficiency. Including fortified foods or supplements helps prevent anemia and neurological complications.
C. Limit intake of foods high in vitamin C: Vitamin C-rich foods are beneficial for overall health and can improve non-heme iron absorption from plant sources. There is no reason to limit these foods in a vegan diet.
D. Limit intake of nuts and legumes: Nuts and legumes are excellent plant-based sources of protein, healthy fats, and micronutrients. Restricting them would reduce the nutritional adequacy of a vegan diet.
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