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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

Transverse palmar creases

Muscular hypertonicity

Protruding tongue

Large ears

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C

The correct answers are A. Transverse palmar creases and C. Protruding tongue.

Choice A rationale:

Transverse palmar creases, also known as a single palmar crease, are a common characteristic of Down syndrome. This feature is present in many individuals with the condition.

Choice B rationale:

Muscular hypertonicity (increased muscle tone) is not typical in Down syndrome. Instead, individuals with Down syndrome often have hypotonia (decreased muscle tone).

Choice C rationale:

A protruding tongue is a common characteristic of Down syndrome. This is due to a combination of factors, including a small oral cavity and low muscle tone.

Choice D rationale:

Large ears are not a typical feature of Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome often have small or unusually shaped ears.

Choice E rationale:

Low birth weight is not specifically associated with Down syndrome. While some infants with Down syndrome may have low birth weight, it is not a defining characteristic.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Early decelerations in the fetal heart rate (FHR) are caused by compression of the fetus’s head during a uterine contraction. This often happens during later stages of labor as the baby is descending through the birth canal. They may also occur during early labor if the baby is premature or in a breech position. This causes the uterus to squeeze the head during contractions.
Choice B rationale
Uteroplacental insufficiency is a condition where the placenta does not provide enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. This condition is typically associated with late decelerations in the FHR, not early decelerations.
Choice C rationale
Altered fetal cerebral blood flow is not typically associated with early decelerations in the FHR34.
Choice D rationale

Umbilical cord compression is typically associated with variable decelerations in the FHR, not early decelerations.

A. Left lower B. Right upper C. Left upper D. Right lower

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
The left lower quadrant is not the most likely location to auscultate fetal heart tones if the nurse palpates a round, firm, movable part in the fundus of the uterus and a long, smooth surface on the client’s right side. These findings suggest that the fetus is in a breech position with its back on the left side, which would place the fetal chest, and thus the heart tones, in the right lower quadrant.
Choice B rationale
The right upper quadrant is not the most likely location to auscultate fetal heart tones if the nurse palpates a round, firm, movable part in the fundus of the uterus and a long, smooth surface on the client’s right side. These findings suggest that the fetus is in a breech position with its back on the left side, which would place the fetal chest, and thus the heart tones, in the right lower quadrant.
Choice C rationale
The left upper quadrant is not the most likely location to auscultate fetal heart tones if the nurse palpates a round, firm, movable part in the fundus of the uterus and a long, smooth surface on the client’s right side. These findings suggest that the fetus is in a breech position with its back on the left side, which would place the fetal chest, and thus the heart tones, in the right lower quadrant.
Choice D rationale
The right lower quadrant is the most likely location to auscultate fetal heart tones if the nurse palpates a round, firm, movable part in the fundus of the uterus and a long, smooth surface on

the client’s right side. These findings suggest that the fetus is in a breech position with its back on the left side, which would place the fetal chest, and thus the heart tones, in the right lower quadrant.

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What could be the primary reason for early decelerations in the fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client. Using Leopold maneuvers, the nurse palpates a round, firm, movable part in the fundus of the uterus and a long, smooth surface on the client’s right side. In which abdominal quadrant should the nurse expect to auscultate fetal heart tones?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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