A nurse is assessing a client's cardiovascular system. Identify where the nurse should place the diaphragm of the stethoscope to best hear the closing of the aortic heart valve.

(You will find "Hot Spots" to select in the artwork below. Select only the hotspot that corresponds to your answer.)

- A: A heart rate greater than 60/min indicates that the transcutaneous pacing is effectively maintaining a heart rate within a normal range, which is crucial for adequate cardiac output and systemic perfusion.
- B: While 2+ pedal pulses indicate good peripheral perfusion, they do not directly reflect the effectiveness of transcutaneous pacing in treating complete heart block.
- C: Pacer spikes should appear before the QRS complex to show that the pacing stimulus is being delivered appropriately. Spikes after the QRS complex suggest that the pacing is not capturing the heart effectively.
- D: Distended jugular veins would be more indicative of heart failure or fluid overload and do not directly relate to the effectiveness of pacing therapy.

A. Sputum culture is used to diagnose active tuberculosis but is not typically used for routine screening of asymptomatic individuals.

B. Chest x-ray can detect active tuberculosis or its complications but is not typically used for routine screening of asymptomatic individuals.

C. QuantiFERON-TB Gold blood analysis is a blood test that detects the presence of tuberculosis infection but is not typically used for routine screening of asymptomatic individuals.

D. The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test (TST), is commonly used for routine screening of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic individuals, including new employees in healthcare settings.