A nurse is assessing a client's cardiovascular system. Identify where the nurse should place the diaphragm of the stethoscope to best hear the closing of the aortic heart valve.

(You will find "Hot Spots" to select in the artwork below. Select only the hotspot that corresponds to your answer.)

A.

A. Infuse 0.9% sodium chloride IV - In the event of a hemolytic reaction, it's important to stop

the blood transfusion immediately and infuse normal saline to maintain intravascular volume and support renal perfusion.

B. Administer an antipyretic - While fever may occur with a hemolytic reaction, the priority is to stop the transfusion and provide supportive care with fluids.

C. Decrease the infusion rate to 75 mL/hr - Lowering the infusion rate is not appropriate when a hemolytic reaction occurs; stopping the transfusion is necessary.

D. Place the client in a left lateral position - Positioning changes will not address the hemolytic reaction; stopping the transfusion and providing supportive care are the priority.

A. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who needs guidance on incentive spirometry requires nursing judgment and education to ensure proper technique, so this task is best performed by a nurse.

B. A client who had a myocardial infarction 3 days ago and reports chest discomfort requires assessment and potential intervention by a nurse to address cardiac issues.

C. Assisting a client with toileting typically involves tasks such as transferring, positioning, and providing hygiene assistance, which can be safely delegated to an assistive personnel.

D. Providing a client who has awoken following a bronchoscopy with a drink involves assessing for the absence of nausea or vomiting and ensuring the client can swallow safely, which requires nursing judgment and should be performed by a nurse.