A nurse is assessing a client with suspected kidney stones. The client reports experiencing severe pain in the back and lower abdomen, along with nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, the nurse notes costovertebral angle tenderness. Which type of kidney stones is most likely causing the client's symptoms?

Calcium oxalate stones

Struvite stones

Cystine stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Uric acid stones may cause pain, but they do not typically present with costovertebral angle tenderness. Uric acid stones are more likely to be associated with gout and hyperuricemia.

B. Calcium oxalate stones are common and can cause pain, but they do not typically cause costovertebral angle tenderness. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

C. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones, also known as infection stones, can cause severe pain that radiates to the back and lower abdomen. They are often associated with urinary tract infections, and the presence of an infection can lead to costovertebral angle tenderness.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain with tenderness.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Citrus fruits are generally not a concern for calcium oxalate stones. They are a good source of citrate, which may actually help prevent stone formation.

B. Dairy products are not specifically associated with calcium oxalate stones. However, high-calcium supplements might increase the risk, not dietary calcium from dairy products.

C. Red meat is not a significant concern for calcium oxalate stones. It is more associated with uric acid stones.

D. This is the correct answer. Leafy green vegetables are high in oxalates, which can contribute to calcium oxalate stone formation. Clients with calcium oxalate stones should limit their intake of these vegetables.

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypernatremia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Thiazide diuretics can lead to decreased calcium excretion in the urine, which may be beneficial for some clients with kidney stones. They are used to reduce the excretion of calcium and prevent the formation of calcium-based stones.

B. Hypernatremia is not directly related to thiazide diuretic use. Thiazide diuretics primarily affect sodium excretion in the urine, but they do not typically cause hypernatremia.

C. This is the correct answer. Thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels) as they increase potassium excretion in the urine.

D. Thiazide diuretics do not cause hypermagnesemia. They do not have a significant effect on magnesium excretion in the urine.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a client with calcium oxalate stones about dietary modifications. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to limit in their diet?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client's laboratory values for which electrolyte imbalance?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with struvite stones. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. Which lifestyle factor is the nurse most likely to address to reduce the risk of kidney stones?

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of sudden, excruciating pain in the lower back and side. The nurse suspects renal calculus. Which term best describes this type of pain?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms may accompany kidney stone pain if the stone causes obstruction in the urinary tract?

A nurse is teaching a client about dietary modifications to prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate stones. Which instruction should the nurse include?

A client with renal calculus presents to the clinic with severe pain. The nurse notes that the client is restless, pacing, and unable to find a comfortable position. Which additional symptom is the client most likely to report?

A client with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones asks the nurse, "What dietary modifications can I make to reduce the risk of stone recurrence?" What is the nurse's best response?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. The client asks, "What causes kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?