A nurse is assessing a client with suspected kidney stones. The client reports experiencing severe pain in the back and lower abdomen, along with nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, the nurse notes costovertebral angle tenderness. Which type of kidney stones is most likely causing the client's symptoms?
Calcium oxalate stones
Struvite stones
Cystine stones
The Correct Answer is C
A. Uric acid stones may cause pain, but they do not typically present with costovertebral angle tenderness. Uric acid stones are more likely to be associated with gout and hyperuricemia.
B. Calcium oxalate stones are common and can cause pain, but they do not typically cause costovertebral angle tenderness. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.
C. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones, also known as infection stones, can cause severe pain that radiates to the back and lower abdomen. They are often associated with urinary tract infections, and the presence of an infection can lead to costovertebral angle tenderness.
D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain with tenderness.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Avoiding foods high in oxalate is more relevant to the prevention of calcium oxalate stones, not struvite stones.
B. Limiting intake of purine-rich foods is more relevant to the prevention of uric acid stones, not struvite stones.
C. This statement is not correct. Reducing calcium intake is not recommended for struvite stones. In fact, calcium is an essential nutrient for overall health.
D. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Limiting the intake of high-phosphorus foods can help prevent the formation of these stones.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This is not entirely accurate. While family history can be a risk factor for kidney stones, there are still preventive measures that individuals can take to reduce their risk.
B. Avoiding all calcium-rich foods and beverages is not recommended for preventing kidney stones. In fact, adequate dietary calcium from food sources is generally beneficial for kidney health and may help reduce the risk of certain types of stones.
C. This is the correct answer. Maintaining a healthy weight and drinking plenty of water are important lifestyle factors that can help reduce the risk of kidney stones. Adequate hydration helps prevent the concentration of minerals in the urine, reducing the likelihood of stone formation.
D. Surgery is not the only treatment option for kidney stones. Depending on the size and type of stone, other treatment options, such as lithotripsy or medication, may be considered.
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