A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis for manifestations of peritonitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the first indication of peritonitis?
Abdominal pain
Cloudy effluent
Nausea
Fever
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Abdominal pain: While abdominal pain can occur with peritonitis, it often develops after the initial changes in the dialysate effluent. Pain may also be related to catheter placement or dialysate temperature, so it is not the earliest definitive indicator.
B. Cloudy effluent: Cloudy dialysate is typically the first and most reliable sign of peritonitis in clients receiving peritoneal dialysis. It indicates the presence of white blood cells and infection in the peritoneal cavity before systemic symptoms appear.
C. Nausea: Nausea may occur later as part of the systemic inflammatory response, but it is nonspecific and can be caused by multiple factors, including the dialysis process itself or other gastrointestinal disturbances.
D. Fever: Fever is a later manifestation of peritonitis, often developing after local signs are present. It indicates systemic involvement and immune activation but is not the earliest detectable change.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"}}
Explanation
Rationale:
- Polyhydramnios: Excess amniotic fluid can overdistend the uterus, reducing its ability to contract effectively after delivery, which increases the risk of uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage.
- Prolonged rupture of membranes: A long duration of ruptured membranes increases the risk of bacteria ascending into the uterus, which can lead to endometritis and systemic infection postpartum.
- Prenatal anemia: Low hemoglobin levels reduce oxygen delivery to tissues and impair the immune response, increasing susceptibility to infections such as endometritis or wound infection after cesarean birth.
- High parity: Multiple pregnancies can cause stretching and weakening of the uterine muscle, which may result in inadequate contraction postpartum, predisposing the client to uterine atony.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Splitting behavior: Splitting, or viewing people as all good or all bad, is characteristic of borderline personality disorder rather than histrionic personality disorder. It reflects difficulty integrating positive and negative aspects of self and others.
B. Emotional lability: Clients with histrionic personality disorder often display rapidly shifting emotions, exaggerated expression of feelings, and attention-seeking behaviors. Emotional lability is a hallmark feature, making this an expected manifestation.
C. Self-centered behavior: While clients with histrionic personality disorder may seek attention, overt self-centeredness and grandiosity are more characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder rather than histrionic traits.
D. Suspicious of others: Suspiciousness and distrust are typical of paranoid personality disorder. Clients with histrionic personality disorder are generally sociable and seek approval rather than displaying pervasive mistrust.
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