A nurse is assessing a client who has risk factors for developing heart disease. Which of the following factors does the nurse recognize as a modifiable risk factor?

A. Phosphorous level: While phosphorus is important for bone health, deficiencies are rare in individuals with a normal diet and are not typically associated with osteoporosis.

B. Vitamin D level: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate vitamin D levels can lead to decreased calcium absorption and increase the risk of osteoporosis.

C. Smoking history: Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis due to its adverse effects on bone metabolism, but the client is a nonsmoker, so this finding does not apply.

D. Alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for osteoporosis, but the client does not drink alcohol, so this finding does not apply.

E. Activity level: A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercises and physical activity help maintain bone density and strength, reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

F. Lactose intolerant: Lactose intolerance may lead to decreased intake of dairy products, which are a significant source of calcium. Inadequate calcium intake can contribute to decreased bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis.

A. Antibiotic medication can be taken with or without food.

This statement is not specifically relevant to the discharge teaching for this client with pneumonia. However, the nurse should provide specific instructions regarding the administration of the antibiotic (cefazolin), which is typically administered intravenously in a healthcare setting and may not be taken orally at home.

B. The steroid dose will decrease each day.

Explanation: This information ensures that the client and caregiver are aware of the tapering regimen for the steroid medication (prednisone), which is essential to prevent adrenal insufficiency and other potential adverse effects associated with abrupt discontinuation.

C. Adjust the oxygen flow rate as needed to ease breathing.

Explanation: This information educates the client and caregiver on how to manage oxygen therapy effectively at home, ensuring optimal oxygen delivery and respiratory support.

D. Antibiotic therapy should be taken for 10 days.

The duration of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia depends on the specific antibiotic prescribed and the severity of the infection. The nurse should provide clear instructions based on the healthcare provider's prescription and guidelines.

E. Store the oxygen cylinder wrench with the oxygen tank.

While storing the oxygen cylinder wrench with the oxygen tank is a good practice, it is not directly related to discharge teaching for this client with pneumonia.

F. Steroid medication should be taken in the morning.

Explanation: Taking steroid medication (prednisone) in the morning helps minimize disruption of the body's natural cortisol rhythm and reduces the risk of insomnia associated with steroid use.

G. Ensure the oxygen delivery system is at least 8 feet from any heat source.

Explanation: Proper storage and placement of the oxygen delivery system reduce the risk of fire hazards associated with oxygen therapy, promoting safety within the home environment.