A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia.

Exhibit 1

Medication Administration Record

Day 1, 1500:

Cefazolin 500 mg every 12 hr IV

Dexamethasone 15 mg every 6 hr IV

Day 3, 1200:

Discontinue dexamethasone 15 mg every 6 hr IV Prednisone 40 mg PO daily

Day 4, 1500:

Discontinue cefazolin 500 mg every 12 hr IV
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for the client and their caregiver. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A. Hypertension in a parent: While a family history of hypertension may increase the risk of developing high blood pressure, it is considered a non-modifiable risk factor because individuals cannot change their genetic predisposition. However, individuals can take steps to manage hypertension through lifestyle modifications and medication.

B. Cultural beliefs: Cultural beliefs may influence health behaviors and attitudes toward health care, but they are not directly modifiable risk factors for heart disease. However, healthcare providers can work with individuals to address cultural barriers and develop culturally sensitive strategies for promoting heart-healthy behaviors.

C. Air quality: Environmental factors such as air pollution can contribute to cardiovascular disease risk, but air quality is not a modifiable risk factor for individuals on an individual level. However, efforts to improve air quality through environmental policies and regulations can help reduce population-level risk of heart disease.

D. Physical inactivity

Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed or controlled to reduce the risk of developing a particular health condition. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor because individuals can make lifestyle changes to increase their level of physical activity, which can help lower their risk of heart disease. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cardiovascular health by strengthening the heart, reducing blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and maintaining a healthy weight.

A. Ensure that the client's bed is in the lowest position.

Keeping the bed in the lowest position helps prevent injury if the client tries to get out of bed, especially when restrained.

B. Assess skin temperature and color before applying the restraints.

This action ensures proper circulation and skin integrity while the restraints are in use. It helps prevent skin breakdown and injury.

C. Attach the client's restraints to the bed rail.

Attaching restraints to the bed rail is not considered a best practice as it can increase the risk of injury to the client. Restraints should be secured to the bed frame or another stable part of the bed to minimize the risk of harm.

D. Pad bony prominences before applying the restraints.

Padding bony prominences such as elbows and wrists helps prevent pressure ulcers and discomfort caused by the restraints.

E. Secure restraints to allow three fingers to slide under the restraints.

Restraints should be secured to allow only two fingers to slide under the restraints to ensure they are not too loose or too tight.