A nurse is assessing a client who has a heart rate of 56/min.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A rationale:

The role of a case manager involves coordinating and managing a client's care across various healthcare providers and services. This role focuses on the coordination of care and resources, not obtaining informed consent.

Choice B rationale:

The nurse manager is responsible for managing and overseeing nursing staff within a healthcare unit or department. Their primary role is related to administration and staff supervision, not obtaining informed consent.

Choice D rationale:

Researchers are individuals who conduct research studies and investigations to generate new knowledge and evidence. Their role is not related to obtaining informed consent from clients.

Choice C rationale:

The nurse is demonstrating the role of an advocate when obtaining informed consent from a client. Advocacy involves supporting the client's right to make informed decisions about their care. The nurse ensures that the client has all the necessary information, understands the procedure or treatment, and consents voluntarily. This includes explaining the risks and benefits, answering questions, and advocating for the client's autonomy and self-determination.

The correct answers are a. Client's hearing deficit, b. Volume of the client's television, c. Numerous visitors in the client's room, e. Adverse effects of opioid analgesic, and f. Using earphones while listening to music.

Choice A rationale: A client with hearing loss who does not wear a hearing aid may experience difficulty understanding spoken communication, especially in noisy environments, leading to potential miscommunication or misunderstanding.

Choice B rationale: Loud television volume can make it difficult for both the nurse and the client to hear each other, causing interference in their communication and potentially leading to errors in information exchange.

Choice C rationale: The presence of numerous visitors in the room can cause distractions, background noise, and overall interference with the nurse-client communication process, potentially affecting the quality and accuracy of the information exchanged.

Choice E rationale: Opioid analgesics can cause adverse effects such as drowsiness, confusion, or cognitive impairment, hindering effective communication between the nurse and the client, as the client's ability to comprehend, retain, and convey information may be impaired.

Choice F rationale: The use of earphones while listening to music can impair the client's ability to hear the nurse, creating a barrier to effective communication. This could potentially lead to missed or misunderstood information and, consequently, affect the quality of care.

Choice D rationale (Incorrect choice): While an increase in pain after ambulation could affect the client's mood, cooperation, and ability to engage in effective communication, it does not directly create a barrier to the nurse's ability to communicate with the client. Pain management is an essential aspect of postoperative care, and effective communication can actually facilitate pain assessment, management, and overall client well-being.