A nurse is assessing a client who has a heart rate of 56/min.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Temperature of 39°C (102.2°F).

History of cigarette smoking.

Report of dizziness.

Hypoglycemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

A heart rate of 56 beats per minute is within the normal range for an adult, so a high temperature of 39°C (102.2°F) is not directly related to the heart rate. While elevated body temperature can increase heart rate, the given temperature does not indicate a significant fever.

Choice B rationale:

History of cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for cardiovascular issues, but it does not directly correlate with the current heart rate of 56 beats per minute. The low heart rate is more likely related to other factors.

Choice C rationale:

A heart rate of 56 beats per minute is considered bradycardia, which can lead to dizziness, fatigue, and other symptoms. Dizziness is a common finding in individuals with a slow heart rate, and addressing this symptom is essential for patient safety.

Choice D rationale:

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can cause symptoms like dizziness, but the heart rate is not typically affected directly by hypoglycemia. It is important to address both the bradycardia and the reported dizziness to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate care.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood. High lipid levels are associated with atherosclerosis and impaired blood flow, which can hinder wound healing. Therefore, having hyperlipidemia places the client at risk for delayed wound healing.
Choice B rationale:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that can lead to impaired wound healing. High blood sugar levels in diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves, reducing blood flow to wounds and impairing the body's ability to fight infection. Therefore, diabetes mellitus places the client at risk for delayed wound healing.
Choice C rationale:
The medication history is a crucial factor to consider in wound healing. Prednisolone, a corticosteroid, can suppress the immune system and impair the body's ability to heal wounds. Long-term use of prednisolone, as in this case (20 mg/day for the past 2 years), increases the risk of delayed wound healing. Therefore, the medication history places the client at risk for delayed wound healing.
Choice D rationale:
The cholesterol level, in this context, is less relevant to the immediate risk of delayed wound healing. While high cholesterol levels are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, they do not have a direct impact on wound healing. The other choices (A, B, and C) are more directly related to delayed wound healing in the context of this surgical patient.
Choice E rationale:
Prealbumin is a protein that reflects a person's nutritional status. A low prealbumin level indicates malnutrition or inadequate protein intake, which can hinder wound healing. Therefore, a low prealbumin level places the client at risk for delayed wound healing. Now, let's move on to the last question.

A. Systematic review. B. Credible websites. C. Expert opinions. D. Qualitative studies.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Systematic reviews are considered Level I evidence in the hierarchy of evidence in evidence-based practice (EBP). Systematic reviews involve the rigorous and comprehensive synthesis of multiple research studies on a specific topic. This approach minimizes bias and provides the highest level of evidence for making clinical decisions. Systematic reviews typically follow a structured methodology and offer a critical analysis of the existing literature, making them a strong foundation for EBP.

Choice B rationale:

Credible websites are not considered Level I evidence. While some websites may contain reliable information, they vary in quality, and the credibility of the source must be carefully assessed. Relying solely on websites is not the most robust approach in EBP, as it lacks the rigorous systematic review and critical appraisal process of Level I evidence.

Choice C rationale:

Expert opinions are not considered Level I evidence. While expert opinions can be valuable, they are often based on individual experiences and interpretations rather than systematic research. Expert opinions are generally considered lower in the hierarchy of evidence compared to systematic reviews and other forms of research evidence.

Choice D rationale:

Qualitative studies are not considered Level I evidence. Qualitative studies provide valuable insights into the experiences, perceptions, and meanings associated with a particular phenomenon. However, they are typically ranked lower in the hierarchy of evidence compared to systematic reviews and quantitative research studies. Qualitative studies are more appropriate for addressing research questions related to subjective experiences and understanding the "why" and "how" of a phenomenon.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a heart rate of 56/min.Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a heart rate of 56/min.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?