A nurse is assessing a child who has asthma. Which of the following are indications of deterioration in the child's respiratory status? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: Preschool-age children are beginning to understand causality, but they do not fully grasp the cause of illnesses, which often involves complex biological processes.

Choice B reason: While preschoolers are becoming more aware of their bodies, they typically do not have a detailed understanding of body functioning.

Choice C reason: Preschoolers may describe how they feel when they are ill, but they usually cannot accurately describe the manifestations of illnesses.

Choice D reason: Preschoolers often engage in magical thinking, where they believe their thoughts can cause events. This is a normal part of their cognitive development and can include relating fears to magical thinking.

Choice A reason: Separation anxiety is common in early childhood and typically resolves as the child develops, usually by around age 2 or 3.However, it can also be present in school-age children, especially if it develops into separation anxiety disorder.

Choice B reason: This is not typically included in teaching about separation anxiety. Detachment might be a response to prolonged separation or hospitalization, but it is not a stage of separation anxiety.

Choice C reason:

While kicking a stranger can be a manifestation of separation anxiety, it’s more constructive to focus on common symptoms such as excessive worry when apart from home or family, or panic and fear at the time of separation

Choice D reason: Separation anxiety that is severe and persistent can lead to challenges in adaptability and functioning. It’s important for caregivers to recognize symptoms and seek help if the anxiety interferes with daily life.