A nurse in a mental health unit is discussing consent with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Implied consent cannot be assumed if a client is unable to communicate their wishes in an emergency situation.
A nurse can explain the benefits and risks of treatment to a client to obtain informed consent.
Informed consent must include information about potential alternative treatments that are available to the client.
Implied consent cannot be assumed until a client verbalizes their desire to receive treatment.
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Implied consent cannot be assumed if a client is unable to communicate their wishes in an emergency situation." In emergencies, implied consent is assumed if immediate treatment is necessary to prevent harm.
B. "A nurse can explain the benefits and risks of treatment to a client to obtain informed consent." Only the provider (physician, NP, or PA) can obtain informed consent; the nurse can reinforce and clarify information but not obtain it.
C. "Informed consent must include information about potential alternative treatments that are available to the client." Informed consent requires the provider to discuss potential alternative treatments, risks, benefits, and consequences of refusal.
D. "Implied consent cannot be assumed until a client verbalizes their desire to receive treatment." Implied consent can be assumed based on actions, such as extending an arm for a blood draw.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The right to refuse care: Autonomy includes the right to refuse care, but it encompasses more than just refusal—it includes active decision-making.
B. The right to self-determination and making decisions about their own healthcare: Autonomy means that clients have the right to make informed decisions about their own care, including choosing, refusing, or modifying treatments.
C. The right to receive care without any input or involvement in decision-making: This contradicts autonomy, as autonomous clients must be actively involved in their healthcare choices.
D. The right to make decisions on behalf of the healthcare provider: Clients do not make decisions for healthcare providers, but rather for themselves.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "You only need to provide a copy to your family." While family members should have a copy, they are not the only ones who need it. Healthcare providers and legal representatives should also have access.
B. "Advance directives are not needed for individuals who have a mental illness." Clients with mental illness can and should have advance directives, especially regarding psychiatric treatment preferences.
C. "Giving you legal advice about advance directives is outside my scope of practice." While nurses cannot provide legal advice, they can educate clients on the importance of advance directives and who should receive a copy.
D. "You should provide a copy to your providers, family members, and lawyer." Advance directives should be shared with healthcare providers, family members, and legal representatives to ensure they are followed in case of a crisis.
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