A nurse in a family planning clinic is caring for a client who requests an oral contraceptive. Which of the following findings in the client's history should the nurse recognize as a contraindication to oral contraceptives? (Select all that apply)
Cholecystitis
Hypertension
Human papillomavirus
Migraine headaches
Anxiety disorder
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A Reason:
Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.
Choice B Reason:
Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Choice C Reason:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.
Choice D Reason:
Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.
Choice E Reason:
Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
"I will receive this medication if my baby is Rh-negative." This statement does not record understanding of the teaching. The purpose of Rho(D) immune globulin is to prevent sensitization of an Rh-negative mother to Rh-positive fetal blood. If the baby is Rh-negative, there is no need for Rho(D) immune globulin.
Choice B Reason:
"I will receive this medication when I am in labor." This statement does not record understanding of the teaching. Rho(D) immune globulin is typically given around 28 weeks of pregnancy and possibly after events that could lead to mixing of maternal and fetal blood, not specifically during labor.
Choice C Reason:
"I will need a second dose of this medication when my baby is 6 weeks old." This statement does not record understanding of the teaching. The administration of Rho(D) immune globulin is generally based on events during pregnancy and delivery, and a second dose is not typically given postpartum unless the baby is Rh-positive.
Choice D Reason:
"I will need this medication if I have an amniocentesis." This statement records understanding of the teaching. Rho(D) immune globulin is given to Rh-negative women during pregnancy and certain other situations to prevent the development of Rh incompatibility with a Rh-positive baby. If the mother undergoes procedures such as amniocentesis or experiences events that could lead to mixing of maternal and fetal blood, Rho(D) immune globulin is administered.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A. Variable decelerations are due to umbilical cord compression.
A. Variable decelerations are often associated with umbilical cord compression. This compression can occur when the umbilical cord is briefly compressed or squeezed, leading to transient decreases in fetal heart rate.
B. Variable decelerations are not typically a result of the administration of IV narcotic analgesics. They are more commonly associated with cord compression or other factors affecting fetal oxygenation.
C. Variable decelerations are not generally caused by uteroplacental insufficiency. Uteroplacental insufficiency is more commonly associated with late decelerations.
D. Variable decelerations are not primarily related to fetal head compression. While head compression can cause certain types of decelerations, variable decelerations are specifically associated with umbilical cord compression.
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