A newborn tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following should the nurse administer?
Hepatitis B vaccine monthly until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen.
Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth.
Hepatitis B immune globulin at 1 week followed by hepatitis B vaccine monthly for 6 months.
Hepatitis B vaccine at 24 hours followed by hepatitis B immune globulin every 12 hours for 3 days.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
While the hepatitis B vaccine is an important part of preventing hepatitis B infection, it is not typically given on a monthly basis until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Instead, the vaccine is usually given in a series of three to four doses over a six-month period.
Choice B rationale
For newborns who test positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen, the current recommendation is to administer both the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the
hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. The HBIG provides immediate, short-term protection against the virus, while the vaccine stimulates the newborn’s immune system to provide long-term protection.
Choice C rationale
While the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine are both important for preventing hepatitis B infection in newborns, they are not typically administered in the manner described in this choice. The HBIG is usually given once, within 12 hours of birth, while the vaccine is given in a series of three to four doses over a six-month period.
Choice D rationale
The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given within 24 hours of birth, but it is not followed by doses of the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) every 12 hours for three days. Instead, a single dose of HBIG is usually given within 12 hours of birth, along with the first dose of the vaccine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A fundus that is three fingerbreadths above the umbilicus 8 hours postpartum is a sign of urinary retention, which can displace the uterus and inhibit uterine contraction, leading to postpartum hemorrhage.
Choice B rationale
Moderate lochia rubra, or bloody discharge, is normal within the first few days after childbirth.
Choice C rationale
A blood pressure of 130/84 mm Hg is within the normal range for a postpartum woman.
Choice D rationale
Moderate swelling of the labia can be a normal finding after a vaginal birth.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Iron is an essential nutrient that helps to transport oxygen in the blood. However, it does not specifically prevent defects in the fetus.
Choice B rationale
Calcium is important for bone health in both the mother and the fetus. It does not specifically prevent defects in the fetus.
Choice C rationale
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that protects tissues from damage and helps the body absorb iron and produce collagen. While it is important for overall health, it does not specifically prevent defects in the fetus.
Choice D rationale
Folic acid is crucial in the early development of a fetus for the formation of the neural tube. It can help prevent major birth defects of the baby’s brain and spine.
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