A nurse is educating the mother of a newborn who was born small for gestational age. Which of the following should the nurse include as a potential cause of this condition?
Perinatal asphyxia.
Preterm delivery.
Fetal hyperinsulinemia.
Placental insufficiency.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen flow to the fetus around the time of birth. This can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and neurological issues, but it is not a common cause of a newborn being small for gestational age.
Choice B rationale
Preterm delivery can result in a newborn being small for their gestational age simply because they have not had the full amount of time to grow in the womb. However, preterm babies are typically compared to other preterm babies when assessing size, not to full-term babies.
Choice C rationale
Fetal hyperinsulinemia, or an excess of insulin in the fetus, can lead to excessive growth and a larger-than-average baby size (macrosomia), not a smaller size.
Choice D rationale
Placental insufficiency, where the placenta does not work as well as it should, can limit the amount of oxygen and nutrients the fetus receives. This can restrict the baby’s growth, leading to a small size for gestational age.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The largest fetal diameter passing through the pelvic outlet is not what is indicated by the presenting part being at 0 station. This would be more indicative of a positive station, such as
+31.
Choice B rationale
The position of the fetal head, such as left occiput posterior, is not determined by the station of the presenting part. The station refers to the level of the presenting part in relation to the mother’s ischial spines.
Choice C rationale
The palpability of the posterior fontanel is not related to the station of the presenting part. The fontanels are soft spots on the baby’s head which allow for compression during birth and brain growth after birth.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct interpretation of the clinical finding. The presenting part is at 0 station when its lowermost portion is at the level of an imaginary line drawn between the client’s ischial spines.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A rapid decline in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels is not typically associated with a hydatidiform mole. In fact, hCG levels are usually abnormally high with this condition.
Choice B rationale
Profuse, clear vaginal discharge is not a typical finding in a client with a hydatidiform mole. The client may experience vaginal bleeding, but it is often described as resembling ‘prune juice’ or 'grape clusters’56.
Choice C rationale
An irregular fetal heart rate is not a typical finding in a client with a hydatidiform mole, as this condition involves the abnormal growth of placental tissue, often without the development of a viable fetus.
Choice D rationale
Excessive uterine enlargement is a common finding in a client with a hydatidiform mole. This is due to the overgrowth of the placental tissue.
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