A nurse is educating the mother of a newborn who was born small for gestational age. Which of the following should the nurse include as a potential cause of this condition?
Perinatal asphyxia.
Preterm delivery.
Fetal hyperinsulinemia.
Placental insufficiency.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen flow to the fetus around the time of birth. This can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and neurological issues, but it is not a common cause of a newborn being small for gestational age.
Choice B rationale
Preterm delivery can result in a newborn being small for their gestational age simply because they have not had the full amount of time to grow in the womb. However, preterm babies are typically compared to other preterm babies when assessing size, not to full-term babies.
Choice C rationale
Fetal hyperinsulinemia, or an excess of insulin in the fetus, can lead to excessive growth and a larger-than-average baby size (macrosomia), not a smaller size.
Choice D rationale
Placental insufficiency, where the placenta does not work as well as it should, can limit the amount of oxygen and nutrients the fetus receives. This can restrict the baby’s growth, leading to a small size for gestational age.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Elevating the leg can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow, which can alleviate pain and redness in the calf. This is a non-pharmacological intervention that the client can easily do at home.
Choice B rationale
Applying cold compresses is typically used for acute injuries to reduce inflammation and numb the area. However, in the case of a postpartum client reporting pain and redness in her calf, this could potentially be a sign of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and applying cold compresses may not be the most appropriate intervention.
Choice C rationale
Flexing the knee while resting is not typically recommended for a client with symptoms that may indicate a DVT. This position does not promote venous return and could potentially exacerbate the condition.
Choice D rationale
Massaging the area is not recommended if a DVT is suspected, as it could dislodge a blood clot and cause a pulmonary embolism.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While itching can be a side effect of opioid analgesics, it is not the priority observation. Itching can be uncomfortable for the client, but it is not life-threatening.
Choice B rationale
A temperature of 38.2°C (100.8°F) indicates a low-grade fever. While this should be monitored, it is not the priority observation in this situation.
Choice C rationale
The priority observation is the client’s blood pressure. Opioid epidural analgesia can cause hypotension, which can lead to inadequate perfusion to the mother and the fetus. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize monitoring the client’s blood pressure.
Choice D rationale
Weakness of the lower extremities can be a side effect of epidural analgesia, but it is not the priority observation. The nurse should monitor for this, but it is not as critical as monitoring the client’s blood pressure.
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