A community health nurse is reviewing the levels of disease prevention. Which of the following activities is an example of tertiary prevention?

Choice A reason:

The statement “I might experience harmless white patches in my mouth” could indicate the presence of oral thrush, a common fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals. However, this statement does not directly reflect an understanding of preventive measures or home care instructions for someone with immunodeficiency.

Choice B reason:

Expecting to have a mild, occasional fever is not a typical understanding of immunodeficiency care. While fevers can occur, they should not be considered normal or expected. Any fever in an immunocompromised person should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider as it could indicate an infection.

Choice C reason:

Avoiding people who have just received a live vaccine is a crucial preventive measure for individuals with immunodeficiency. Live vaccines contain a weakened form of the virus or bacteria, which can pose a risk to immunocompromised individuals. This statement shows an understanding of the need to avoid potential sources of infection.

Choice D reason:

Limiting the use of skin cream to once a week is not a standard recommendation for immunodeficiency care. Skin care is important, but the frequency of using skin cream should be based on individual needs and the type of cream used. This statement does not reflect a specific understanding of immunodeficiency management.

Choice A reason: Taking aspirin while on prednisone can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause stomach irritation, and combining it with aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can exacerbate this effect. Therefore, clients should avoid taking aspirin for minor aches and pains while on prednisone.

Choice B reason: A sore throat is not a common side effect of prednisone. Prednisone can suppress the immune system, making clients more susceptible to infections, but it does not typically cause a sore throat within the first week of use. If a client experiences a sore throat, they should contact their healthcare provider as it may indicate an infection.

Choice C reason: Clients on prednisone should avoid live vaccines, such as the flu vaccine, within one week of starting the medication. Prednisone can weaken the immune system, reducing the effectiveness of the vaccine and increasing the risk of developing the illness the vaccine is meant to prevent. It is generally recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccines while on prednisone.

Choice D reason: Prednisone can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Eating more bananas, which are high in potassium, can help counteract this effect and maintain normal potassium levels. Normal potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Therefore, clients should increase their intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas while taking prednisone.