A client with severe sepsis related to an untreated rectal/vaginal fistula is admited to the ﬂoor. She has received two doses of Gentamicin. As luck would have it, she is now in acute renal failure. Which type of renal failure did the Gentamicin cause?

Pre-Renal

Super-secret double renal failure

Post-Renal

Intra-Renal

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Pre-Renal failure is caused by factors external to the kidneys, typically involving reduced blood ﬂow or hydration aﬀecting kidney function. Gentamicin does not typically cause this type of failure.
Choice B reason : 'Super-secret double renal failure' is not a medically recognized type of renal failure.
Choice C reason : Post-Renal failure is due to obstruction of urine ﬂow from the kidneys, which is not typically associated with Gentamicin use.
Choice D reason : Intra-Renal failure, also known as intrinsic renal failure, is caused by direct damage to the kidneys themselves. Gentamicin can cause acute kidney injury due to its nephrotoxic eﬀects, leading to Intra-Renal failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypertension is a well-known modifiable risk factor for stroke. Controlling blood pressure can significantly reduce the risk of having a stroke.
Choice B reason: A history of sickle cell disease is a genetic condition and is not considered a modifiable risk factor.
Choice C reason: Having a parent with cardiovascular disease is a non-modifiable risk factor as it is related to genetics.
Choice D reason: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke. The risk of stroke increases with age.

A. Smoking tobacco B. Pollution C. Being between 20 to 30 years of age D. Asthma

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason : Smoking tobacco is the most significant risk factor for developing emphysema. It damages the air sacs in the lungs and leads to the characteristic symptoms of emphysema.
Choice B reason : While pollution can contribute to respiratory problems, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema compared to smoking tobacco.
Choice C reason : Age between 20 to 30 years is not a risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema typically develops after many years of smoking, often in older adults.
Choice D reason : Asthma is a diﬀerent respiratory condition and is not a risk factor for emphysema. However, individuals with asthma who smoke may have an increased risk of developing COPD, which includes emphysema.

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A client with severe sepsis related to an untreated rectal/vaginal fistula is admited to the ﬂoor. She has received two doses of Gentamicin. As luck would have it, she is now in acute renal failure. Which type of renal failure did the Gentamicin cause?

Nursing Test Bank

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