A client who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus visits a clinic. Client reports numbness and tingling in the feet which keeps them up at night. The nurse explains this condition as a nerve disorder called peripheral neuropathy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of what causes this condition?

"The nerves just go to sleep when I lie down because no message gets from my brain to the spinal cord."

"The nerve damage may occur for unknown reasons in any individual."

"The older I get, there is less blood flowing to my feet."

"The elevated blood sugar from my diabetes can cause underlying nerve damage."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

"The nerves just go to sleep when I lie down because no message gets from my brain to the spinal cord." is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the mechanism of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes is not simply the nerves "going to sleep" due to lack of communication between the brain and spinal cord.

Choice B Reason:

"The nerve damage may occur for unknown reasons in any individual" is incorrect because while the exact cause of peripheral neuropathy may not always be known, in the context of diabetes mellitus, the link between elevated blood sugar levels and nerve damage is well-established.

Choice C Reason:

"The older I get, there is less blood flowing to my feet. “is incorrect because while decreased blood flow (ischemia) can contribute to peripheral neuropathy in some cases, the primary mechanism in diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage due to hyperglycemia rather than reduced blood flow.

Choice D Reason:

"The elevated blood sugar from my diabetes can cause underlying nerve damage." Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly when the condition is uncontrolled. Elevated blood sugar levels over time can lead to damage to the nerves, especially those in the feet and legs. This damage can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, burning sensations, or pain in the affected areas.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Take small bites of food is correct. Taking small bites of food can help prevent choking and aspiration, particularly during mealtime. It is a recommended practice for individuals with epilepsy to reduce the risk of aspiration if a seizure were to occur during eating.

Choice B Reason:

Liquids should be thickened is incorrect. Thickened liquids are typically recommended for individuals with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) to help prevent aspiration. However, thickened liquids may not be necessary for all individuals with epilepsy unless specifically indicated based on their swallowing function assessment.

Choice C Reason:

Eat sitting slightly forward correct.: Eating while sitting slightly forward can help prevent aspiration in case of a seizure during meals. This position allows gravity to assist in preventing food or liquid from entering the airway.

Choice D Reason:

Chew food thoroughly before swallowing is correct. Thoroughly chewing food before swallowing is important for proper digestion and to reduce the risk of choking or aspiration, especially for individuals with epilepsy who may be at increased risk of aspiration during a seizure.

Choice E Reason:

Avoid having conversations while eating is incorrect. Avoiding conversations while eating is not directly related to epilepsy management. However, focusing on eating and taking appropriate precautions, such as sitting upright and chewing food thoroughly, can help reduce the risk of aspiration during meals.

Choice F Reason:

Avoid fiber in the diet is incorrect.: There is no specific recommendation to avoid fiber in the diet for individuals with epilepsy. In fact, a balanced diet that includes fiber-rich foods can promote overall health and well-being, which is important for individuals with epilepsy as well.

A. "If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you would be having seizures." B. "If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you will experience nausea and vomiting." C. "If you had a cerebral aneurysm, you would have a stiff neck." D. "If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you typically will have no symptoms."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you would be having seizures. “is incorrect because not all cerebral aneurysms cause seizures. Seizures may occur if the aneurysm ruptures and causes bleeding into the brain, but they are not a universal symptom of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm.

Choice B Reason:

"If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you will experience nausea and vomiting. “is incorrect because while headaches, nausea, and vomiting can occur with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm (subarachnoid hemorrhage), they are not necessarily present in all cases, especially with unruptured aneurysms.

Choice C Reason:

"If you had a cerebral aneurysm, you would have a stiff neck." is incorrect because a stiff neck (meningeal irritation) is typically associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, but it is not always present and is not a definitive symptom of an unruptured aneurysm.

Choice D Reason:

"If you have a cerebral aneurysm, you typically will have no symptoms." Cerebral aneurysms can vary greatly in terms of their presentation and symptoms. While some aneurysms may cause symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, or a stiff neck, many cerebral aneurysms are asymptomatic and go unnoticed until they rupture or are incidentally discovered during imaging studies for other reasons.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has epilepsy. Which of the following instructions should be included in the nurse's teaching? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic migraine headaches. The client asks the nurse if it could be a cerebral aneurysm. Which of the follow responses should the nurse use?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching about potential complications to a client who has a spinal cord injury. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as a common complication of spinal cord injuries? (Select All that Apply.)

Which of the following common characteristics of nonallergic asthma can the nurse expect to find when assessing an adult client? (Select all that appl (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

A nurse is assessing a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is teaching a client who has a spinal cord injury about prevention of atelectasis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

In which of the following types of pneumonia does consolidation involve the entire lobe of the lung?

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who has a preliminary diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Which of the following diagnostic testing should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?

A nurse is caring for a client with manifestations of status asthmaticus. Which of the following factors play a role in creating circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines in this condition? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)