A client who has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T-Cell count of less than 200 cells/µL. Based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?
"The client meets the criteria for the chronic asymptomatic HIV infection phase."
"The client has developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)."
"The client's CD4+ T-cell count is within the normal range."
"The client meets the criteria for the acute HIV infection phase."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and the presence of PCP are indicative of AIDS, not the chronic asymptomatic phase of HIV.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and an opportunistic infection such as PCP meet the CDC criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL is below the normal range and is one of the criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect because the acute HIV infection phase is characterized by a high viral load and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell count, but not necessarily below 200 cells/µL or the presence of opportunistic infections.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Albuterol is a bronchodilator used to relieve breathing difficulties, which are common in cystic fibrosis.
Choice B reason: Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal medication and is not typically used in the management of cystic fibrosis.
Choice C reason: Tobramycin is an antibiotic that can be nebulized to treat lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
Choice D reason: Dornase alfa is an enzyme that helps to thin mucus, improving lung function in cystic fibrosis patients.
Choice E reason: Fat-soluble vitamins are essential in cystic fibrosis due to malabsorption issues associated with the disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Digoxin is used to treat heart conditions by slowing the heart rate and increasing its efficiency. It does not increase the heart rate. The normal heart rate for a 12-month-old infant ranges from 80 to 160 beats per minute.
Choice B reason: If an infant vomits after taking digoxin, repeating the dose could lead to toxicity. Instead, caregivers should wait until the next scheduled dose or contact a healthcare provider for guidance.
Choice C reason: Administering digoxin at regular intervals ensures consistent therapeutic levels in the bloodstream, which is crucial for the medication's efficacy and safety.
Choice D reason: Offering fluids after medication does not interfere with digoxin's absorption. However, caregivers should be aware of the signs of digoxin toxicity, which include vomiting, lethargy, and bradycardia.
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