A client tells the nurse that he is concerned because his provider told him he has a heart murmur. The nurse should explain to the client that a murmur
indicates turbulent blood flow through a valve.
is an extra sound due to blood entering an inflexible chamber.
is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve.
means that there is some inflammation around the heart.
The Correct Answer is A
A. A heart murmur typically indicates turbulent blood flow through a heart valve. This turbulence can occur due to various reasons, such as valve stenosis (narrowing), regurgitation (leakage), or structural abnormalities of the valves. The turbulent flow produces audible sounds that can be heard with a stethoscope during cardiac auscultation.
B. A heart murmur is not caused by blood entering an inflexible chamber. Instead, it is caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart valves. The sound produced by this turbulent flow may vary depending on the underlying pathology of the valve.
C. While heart murmurs can be described based on their characteristics (such as high-pitched or low- pitched), the presence of a heart murmur does not necessarily indicate a narrow valve. Murmurs can occur due to various valve abnormalities, including stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage). The pitch and quality of the murmur may vary depending on the underlying pathology and the location of the abnormality.
D. A heart murmur is not typically associated with inflammation around the heart. While inflammation of the heart (such as myocarditis or pericarditis) can cause symptoms and abnormal sounds, these conditions would not be described specifically as a "heart murmur."
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dobutamine is a positive inotropic agent that increases myocardial contractility, leading to improved cardiac output. Enhanced cardiac output can result in improved renal perfusion and increased urine output, which is a positive indicator of improved cardiac function in clients with heart failure.
B. Decreased blood glucose level is not typically associated with the effectiveness of dobutamine. Dobutamine primarily affects cardiac contractility and does not directly influence blood glucose levels.
C. Decreased blood pressure would not typically indicate the effectiveness of dobutamine. While dobutamine can increase cardiac output, it does not necessarily lead to a decrease in blood pressure.
D. Increased heart rate may occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to increased cardiac output due to dobutamine administration. However, increased heart rate alone may not reliably indicate the effectiveness of dobutamine.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Hypotension may result from decreased cardiac output due to hypoxemia and acidosis or as a compensatory response to hypoxia-induced vasodilation. Therefore, monitoring for hypotension is important in ARF.
C. Hypoxemia can impair cerebral perfusion and neuronal function, leading to alterations in mental status ranging from confusion to coma. Decreased level of consciousness is a concerning sign of inadequate oxygenation and should be closely monitored in patients with ARF.
D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of respiratory failure. In ARF, the respiratory system's inability to adequately oxygenate or ventilate leads to increased work of breathing and feelings of breathlessness. Patients with ARF often experience severe dyspnea as they struggle to maintain adequate gas exchange.
E. Headache is not typically considered a primary manifestation of ARF. However, it may occur as a secondary symptom due to factors such as hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or acidosis. Patients with ARF may experience headache as a result of cerebral vasodilation in response to hypoxia or as a symptom of underlying conditions contributing to respiratory failure.
B. Nausea is not a typical manifestation of ARF itself. However, it may occur as a secondary symptom due to factors such as hypoxia, acidosis, or medications administered for the management of ARF. While nausea may be present, it is not a direct result of respiratory failure.
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