A client presents to the clinic reporting vomiting and burning in her mid-epigastric area. The nurse knows that in the process of confirming peptic ulcer disease, the health care provider is likely to order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of what?

Excessive stomach acid secretion

An incompetent pyloric sphincter

A metabolic acid-base imbalance

An infection with Helicobacter pylori

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Excessive stomach acid secretion is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible cause of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum due to damage from stomach acid and digestive enzymes.

Choice B reason: An incompetent pyloric sphincter is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible complication of peptic ulcer disease. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. If it becomes damaged or weakened, it can cause gastric outlet obstruction, which is a blockage of the stomach.

Choice C reason: A metabolic acid-base imbalance is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible consequence of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers can cause bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction, which can affect the acid-base balance of the body. For example, vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition where the blood is too alkaline.

Choice D reason: An infection with Helicobacter pylori is the correct answer. Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach and duodenum and cause inflammation and ulcers. It is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. The health care provider can order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the client's stomach or blood, such as a urea breath test, a stool antigen test, or a blood antibody test.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pale yellow is the normal color of urine, indicating adequate hydration and no bilirubin in the urine. Bilirubin is a pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is normally excreted in the bile, but if the bile duct is obstructed, it can accumulate in the blood and urine, causing jaundice and dark urine.

Choice B reason: Red urine can indicate blood in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infection, kidney stones, trauma, or cancer. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

Choice C reason: Greenish-brown urine can indicate bilirubin in the urine, which can be caused by bile duct obstruction or liver disease. It is a sign of cholestasis, which is a reduced or stopped flow of bile. The nurse should monitor the client for other signs of cholestasis such as jaundice, clay-colored stools, pruritus, and abdominal pain.

Choice D reason: Dark and concentrated urine can indicate dehydration, which can be caused by various factors such as fluid loss, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

A. Normal saline B. Dextrose in water 5% C. Lactated Ringer's (LR) D. Dextrose in normal saline

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Normal saline is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Normal saline is an isotonic solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the blood plasma. It can help restore fluid balance and prevent cerebral edema.

Choice B reason: Dextrose in water 5% is contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Dextrose in water 5% is a hypotonic solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. It can cause fluid to shift from the blood vessels into the brain cells, increasing the intracranial pressure and worsening the skull fracture.

Choice C reason: Lactated Ringer's (LR) is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Lactated Ringer's (LR) is an isotonic solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the blood plasma. It can also provide electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which can help correct acid-base imbalances.

Choice D reason: Dextrose in normal saline is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Dextrose in normal saline is a hypertonic solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. It can cause fluid to shift from the brain cells into the blood vessels, reducing the intracranial pressure and cerebral edema.

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A client presents to the clinic reporting vomiting and burning in her mid-epigastric area. The nurse knows that in the process of confirming peptic ulcer disease, the health care provider is likely to order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of what?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the common bile duct. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The healthcare provider ordered an IV solution for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. The nurse knows which IV fluid would be contraindicated?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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