A nurse is caring for a client who sustained blood loss. Which of the following is a manifestation of hypovolemia?
Decreased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Weak pulse
Dyspnea
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Decreased heart rate is not a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia is a condition where there is a decreased volume of blood in the body, which can result from blood loss, dehydration, or fluid shifts. Hypovolemia can cause the heart rate to increase, not decrease, as the body tries to compensate for the low blood pressure and maintain adequate perfusion.
Choice B reason: Increased blood pressure is not a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia can cause the blood pressure to decrease, not increase, as the blood volume and cardiac output are reduced. The body may try to constrict the blood vessels to increase the blood pressure, but this is usually not enough to overcome the effects of hypovolemia.
Choice C reason: Weak pulse is a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia can cause the pulse to become weak, thready, or difficult to palpate, as the blood flow and pressure are diminished. The pulse may also become irregular or rapid, as the heart tries to pump faster and harder to deliver oxygen to the tissues.
Choice D reason: Dyspnea is not a specific manifestation of hypovolemia. Dyspnea is a term for difficulty breathing, which can have many causes, such as asthma, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema. Hypovolemia can cause dyspnea if it leads to shock, which is a life-threatening condition where the organs and tissues are not receiving enough oxygen. However, dyspnea alone is not enough to indicate hypovolemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
Choice B reason: Diffusion is the process of moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without using energy.
Choice C reason: Filtration is the process of moving fluid and solutes through a membrane by a pressure gradient.
Choice D reason: Osmosis is the process of moving water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because normal saline is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, and it can help restore the fluid balance and the blood pressure of the dehydrated client.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct answer because 1/2 normal saline is a hypotonic solution, which means it has a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. It causes fluid to shift from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, which can lead to cellular swelling and edema. It is not suitable for rapid infusion, as it can cause hemolysis and hypotension.
Choice C reason: This is not a correct answer because D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) is an isotonic solution when it is in the IV bag, but it becomes hypotonic once it enters the body, as the dextrose is rapidly metabolized and only water remains. It causes fluid to shift from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, which can lead to cellular swelling and edema. It is not suitable for rapid infusion, as it can cause hemolysis and hypotension.
Choice D reason: This is not a correct answer because D5 1/2 normal saline is a hypertonic solution, which means it has a higher osmolarity than the blood plasma. It causes fluid to shift from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, which can lead to cellular shrinkage and dehydration. It is not suitable for rapid infusion, as it can cause hypernatremia and fluid overload.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today