A client is hospitalized for observation after suffering heat exhaustion during a marathon race. He complains of dizziness when he stands up, and the RN determines that he has postural hypotension. Based on the information, which of the following electrolyte imbalances could cause the client's symptoms?

Choice A reason: Administering a vaccine to a well child is an example of the RN working in a health promotion role through primary prevention. Primary prevention is the level of prevention that aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. It involves reducing exposure to risk factors and enhancing protective factors. Vaccination is a primary prevention strategy that protects the child from contracting or spreading infectious diseases, such as measles, polio, or tetanus.

Choice B reason: Obtaining a blood glucose level on a client with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is not an example of the RN working in a health promotion role through primary prevention. This is an example of the RN working in a disease management role through tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention is the level of prevention that aims to reduce the complications and disability associated with chronic or irreversible diseases or injuries. It involves providing treatment, rehabilitation, and support services. Obtaining a blood glucose level on a client with hypoglycemia is a tertiary prevention strategy that monitors the client's condition and prevents further deterioration or complications, such as coma or seizures.

Choice C reason: Educating a patient on wound care is not an example of the RN working in a health promotion role through primary prevention. This is an example of the RN working in a disease management role through secondary prevention. Secondary prevention is the level of prevention that aims to detect and treat diseases or injuries early, before they become more serious or chronic. It involves screening, diagnosis, and intervention. Educating a patient on wound care is a secondary prevention strategy that helps the patient to prevent infection, promote healing, and avoid complications, such as scarring or gangrene.

Choice D reason: Administering a nebulizer treatment to a client with asthma is not an example of the RN working in a health promotion role through primary prevention. This is an example of the RN working in a disease management role through tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention is the level of prevention that aims to reduce the complications and disability associated with chronic or irreversible diseases or injuries. It involves providing treatment, rehabilitation, and support services. Administering a nebulizer treatment to a client with asthma is a tertiary prevention strategy that helps the client to relieve symptoms, improve lung function, and prevent exacerbations, such as asthma attacks.

Choice A reason: Hypernatremia is a condition of high sodium levels in the blood. It can cause symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, confusion, agitation, and seizures. It is not likely to cause postural hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.

Choice B reason: Hyponatremia is a condition of low sodium levels in the blood. It can cause symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, fatigue, and confusion. It can also cause postural hypotension, as sodium helps regulate fluid balance and blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Hyperkalemia is a condition of high potassium levels in the blood. It can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, irregular heartbeat, and cardiac arrest. It is not likely to cause postural hypotension, which is more related to fluid and sodium levels.

Choice D reason: Hypokalemia is a condition of low potassium levels in the blood. It can cause symptoms such as muscle cramps, weakness, fatigue, constipation, and arrhythmias. It is not likely to cause postural hypotension, which is more related to fluid and sodium levels.