Physiological response to fear and anxiety includes which of the following?

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because stopping the KCl infusion is the first and most urgent action that the nurse should take. A high level of potassium in the blood, or hyperkalemia, can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. The nurse should stop the source of excess potassium, which is the KCl infusion, and monitor the client's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and symptoms.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer because administering oral KCl is not the first or appropriate action that the nurse should take. Oral KCl would increase the potassium level in the blood, which is already too high. The nurse should avoid giving any potassium supplements or foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer because encouraging fluids for dilution is not the first or effective action that the nurse should take. Fluids alone would not lower the potassium level in the blood, but rather dilute the concentration of other electrolytes, such as sodium and calcium. The nurse should administer fluids only as prescribed by the physician, and in conjunction with other treatments, such as diuretics, insulin, or sodium bicarbonate.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer because calling the pharmacy is not the first or priority action that the nurse should take. Calling the pharmacy may be necessary to obtain the medications that can lower the potassium level in the blood, such as diuretics, insulin, or sodium bicarbonate. However, the nurse should first stop the KCl infusion and notify the physician, who will order the appropriate medications and dosages.

Choice A reason: The client will be able to return to work is not a SMART goal. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. This goal is not specific, as it does not state what kind of work the client will do, or how the client's back pain will affect their work performance. It is also not measurable, as it does not state how the client's work ability will be assessed. It may not be achievable, as the client's work-related injury may prevent them from returning to their previous occupation. It may not be relevant, as the client may have other priorities or preferences than work. It is also not time-bound, as it does not state when the client will return to work.

Choice B reason: The client will verbalize diminished pain at the conclusion of physical therapy is not a SMART goal. This goal is not specific, as it does not state how much pain the client will experience, or what level of pain is acceptable for the client. It is also not measurable, as it relies on the client's subjective report of pain, which may vary depending on the client's mood, expectations, or coping skills. It may not be achievable, as the client's chronic back pain may not be fully resolved by physical therapy. It may not be relevant, as the client may have other outcomes or indicators of improvement than pain. It is also not time-bound, as it does not state how long the physical therapy will last, or when the client will verbalize their pain level.

Choice C reason: The client will be able to perform self-care is not a SMART goal. This goal is not specific, as it does not state what aspects of self-care the client will perform, or how the client's back pain will affect their self-care abilities. It is also not measurable, as it does not state how the client's self-care performance will be evaluated. It may not be achievable, as the client's chronic back pain may limit their range of motion, strength, or endurance for self-care tasks. It may not be relevant, as the client may have other goals or needs than self-care. It is also not time-bound, as it does not state when the client will achieve this goal.

Choice D reason: The client will engage in desired activities without the pain level increasing above a pain scale level of 3 out of 10 within one month is a SMART goal. This goal is specific, as it states what activities the client wants to do, and how the client's pain level will be monitored. It is measurable, as it uses a numeric pain scale that can be easily recorded and compared. It is achievable, as it sets a realistic and attainable pain threshold that allows the client to enjoy their activities. It is relevant, as it reflects the client's personal interests and values, and enhances their quality of life. It is time-bound, as it states a clear and reasonable deadline for achieving this goal.