Physiological response to fear and anxiety includes which of the following?

Tachycardia

Bronchial constriction

Bradypnea

Pupillary constriction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Tachycardia is a physiological response to fear and anxiety. Tachycardia is a condition where the heart rate is faster than normal, usually above 100 beats per minute. Fear and anxiety can trigger the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This causes the heart to beat faster and stronger, increasing the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles and organs. This prepares the body for the fight-or-flight response, which is a survival mechanism that helps the person to cope with a perceived threat or danger.

Choice B reason: Bronchial constriction is not a physiological response to fear and anxiety. Bronchial constriction is a condition where the airways in the lungs become narrow and inflamed, reducing the airflow and causing difficulty breathing. Bronchial constriction can be caused by various factors, such as asthma, allergies, infections, or irritants. Fear and anxiety can worsen the symptoms of bronchial constriction, but they are not the primary cause of it.

Choice C reason: Bradypnea is not a physiological response to fear and anxiety. Bradypnea is a condition where the breathing rate is slower than normal, usually below 12 breaths per minute. Bradypnea can be caused by various factors, such as brain injury, drug overdose, sleep apnea, or metabolic disorders. Fear and anxiety can increase the breathing rate, not decrease it, as the body needs more oxygen to cope with the stress.

Choice D reason: Pupillary constriction is not a physiological response to fear and anxiety. Pupillary constriction is a condition where the pupils in the eyes become smaller and less responsive to light. Pupillary constriction can be caused by various factors, such as eye injury, medication, aging, or neurological disorders. Fear and anxiety can cause pupillary dilation, not constriction, as the pupils widen to allow more light and improve the vision. This helps the person to see better and react faster to the situation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Fall prevention is the most important safety measure for an elderly client with osteoporosis, as falls can result in fractures and other complications. The nurse should assess the client's risk factors for falls, such as impaired vision, balance, or mobility, and implement interventions to reduce them, such as providing adequate lighting, removing clutter, and using assistive devices.

Choice B reason: Pressure injury prevention is also important for an elderly client, but not as crucial as fall prevention for a client with osteoporosis. Pressure injuries are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, especially over bony prominences. The nurse should reposition the client frequently, use pressure-relieving devices, and monitor the skin for signs of breakdown.

Choice C reason: Cognitive impairment prevention is not a specific safety measure for an elderly client with osteoporosis, although it may affect the client's ability to follow instructions and adhere to treatment. Cognitive impairment may be caused by various factors, such as dementia, delirium, or medication side effects. The nurse should assess the client's mental status, provide orientation and stimulation, and manage any underlying causes.

Choice D reason: Functional decline prevention is not a specific safety measure for an elderly client with osteoporosis, although it may affect the client's quality of life and independence. Functional decline may be caused by various factors, such as pain, weakness, or depression. The nurse should encourage the client to participate in physical and occupational therapy, promote self-care activities, and provide emotional support.

A. Use soap to clean the client's skin. B. Apply friction when drying the client's skin. C. Use hot water to clean the client's skin. D. Apply a barrier cream to the client's skin.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Using soap to clean the client's skin is not a recommended action, as it can dry out and irritate the skin, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and infection.

Choice B reason: Applying friction when drying the client's skin is not a recommended action, as it can damage and abrade the skin, causing pain and inflammation.

Choice C reason: Using hot water to clean the client's skin is not a recommended action, as it can increase the blood flow and inflammation to the skin, as well as remove the natural oils that protect the skin.

Choice D reason: Applying a barrier cream to the client's skin is a recommended action, as it can moisturize and protect the skin from the effects of urine, such as acidity, bacteria, and enzymes.

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Physiological response to fear and anxiety includes which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse notes that an elderly client has a history of osteoporosis. What safety measure should the nurse prioritize for this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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