Physiological response to fear and anxiety includes which of the following?

Choice A reason: Assessment is the first phase of the nursing process, where the nurse collects data about the patient's health status, needs, preferences, and goals.

Choice B reason: Analysis/Diagnosis is the second phase of the nursing process, where the nurse interprets the data and identifies the patient's problems, risks, and strengths.

Choice C reason: Planning is the third phase of the nursing process, where the nurse develops a care plan that specifies the expected outcomes, interventions, and priorities for the patient.

Choice D reason: Implementation is the fourth phase of the nursing process, where the nurse executes the care plan and performs the interventions for the patient.

Choice E reason: Evaluation is the fifth and final phase of the nursing process, where the nurse measures the effectiveness of the interventions and compares the actual outcomes with the expected outcomes. Asking the patient about their pain level after giving pain medication is an example of evaluation.

Choice A reason: Assessment is the first and most important phase of the nursing process, as it involves collecting and analyzing data about the patient's health status, needs, and preferences. The nurse should have assessed the patient's blood pressure before administering the antihypertensive medication, as it could have been contraindicated or required a dosage adjustment. By failing to do so, the nurse put the patient at risk of hypotension and its complications.

Choice B reason: Planning is the second phase of the nursing process, in which the nurse sets goals and outcomes for the patient's care and selects appropriate interventions. The nurse did not make an error in this phase, as the administration of the antihypertensive medication was part of the plan of care for the patient with hypertension.

Choice C reason: Diagnosis is the third phase of the nursing process, in which the nurse identifies the patient's actual or potential health problems based on the assessment data. The nurse did not make an error in this phase, as the diagnosis of hypertension was accurate and supported by the patient's history and vital signs.

Choice D reason: Evaluation is the fourth and final phase of the nursing process, in which the nurse measures the patient's progress and outcomes and modifies the plan of care as needed. The nurse did not make an error in this phase, as the re-checking of the blood pressure and the recognition of the patient's symptoms were part of the evaluation process. However, the nurse should have also notified the provider and implemented interventions to treat the hypotension.