A client is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with a chief complaint of prolonged vomiting over the past 24 hours. Based on the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of pH 7.5. PaCO2 36, HCO3 40, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing:
respiratory alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
The Correct Answer is D
D. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increased pH (alkalosis) and an increased HCO3. In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which supports metabolic alkalosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which further supports metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is normal or slightly low (36 mmHg), which can occur as a compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis.
A. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by an increase in pH (alkalosis) and a decrease in PaCO2 (hypocapnia). In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), which indicates alkalosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is within the normal range (35-45 mmHg) but slightly on the lower side (slight hypocapnia). The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which suggests a compensatory response by the kidneys to retain bicarbonate to counteract the alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a decrease in pH (acidosis) and an increase in PaCO2 (hypercapnia). In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts respiratory acidosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is normal or slightly low, not high as expected in respiratory acidosis. The elevated HCO3 (40 mEq/L) suggests a compensatory metabolic response to the alkalosis, not to acidosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH (acidosis) and a decreased HCO3. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts metabolic acidosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, indicating metabolic alkalosis rather than metabolic acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. When clients perceive that the knowledge or information being presented is beneficial to their health outcomes, they are more likely to be motivated to learn. Understanding how the knowledge can improve their health, manage their condition, or prevent complications provides intrinsic motivation to engage in learning activities.
A. While health literacy is important for understanding health information, having a high level of health literacy alone does not guarantee motivation to learn. Motivation to learn is more about personal engagement and perceived relevance of the information to one's own health and well-being.
B. While this may provide motivation for compliance with treatment plans or learning specific self-care tasks required for discharge, it does not necessarily translate to a strong motivation to learn beyond immediate needs related to discharge.
C. Formal education may contribute to overall cognitive abilities and learning skills, but it does not automatically translate into motivation to learn in a healthcare context. Motivation to learn is more about personal interest, perceived relevance, and understanding the benefits of acquiring new knowledge.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. External rotation of the hip involves rotating the thigh outward away from the midline of the body. This movement occurs in the hip joint. External rotation is a component of hip range of motion.
B. Extension of the hip involves moving the thigh backward, straightening the leg from a flexed position. This movement also occurs in the hip joint. Extension is part of the hip's range of motion.
C. Adduction of the hip involves moving the thigh toward or across the midline of the body. It brings the leg closer to the midline. Adduction is another movement that is part of the hip's range of motion.
E. Flexion of the hip involves bringing the thigh toward the abdomen or bending the leg. It is a movement where the angle between the thigh and the abdomen decreases. Flexion is a fundamental movement of the hip joint.
D. Supination is a movement primarily associated with the forearm and hand, involving turning the palm upward or facing forward. It is not a movement of the hip joint. Supination is not correct in the context of hip range of motion.
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