A client is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with a chief complaint of prolonged vomiting over the past 24 hours. Based on the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of pH 7.5. PaCO2 36, HCO3 40, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing:
respiratory alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
The Correct Answer is D
D. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increased pH (alkalosis) and an increased HCO3. In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which supports metabolic alkalosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which further supports metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is normal or slightly low (36 mmHg), which can occur as a compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis.
A. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by an increase in pH (alkalosis) and a decrease in PaCO2 (hypocapnia). In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), which indicates alkalosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is within the normal range (35-45 mmHg) but slightly on the lower side (slight hypocapnia). The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which suggests a compensatory response by the kidneys to retain bicarbonate to counteract the alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a decrease in pH (acidosis) and an increase in PaCO2 (hypercapnia). In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts respiratory acidosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is normal or slightly low, not high as expected in respiratory acidosis. The elevated HCO3 (40 mEq/L) suggests a compensatory metabolic response to the alkalosis, not to acidosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH (acidosis) and a decreased HCO3. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts metabolic acidosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, indicating metabolic alkalosis rather than metabolic acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Inserting an indwelling catheter involves placing a tube into the bladder through the urethra. The urethra and urinary tract are sterile areas. Sterile gloves are necessary to prevent introducing pathogens into the urinary tract during catheter insertion.
A. An enema involves introducing a solution into the rectum for therapeutic purposes. It does not require the use of sterile gloves because the rectum and lower gastrointestinal tract are not considered sterile areas.
B. Administering an intramuscular injection involves injecting medication into muscle tissue. It does not require sterile gloves unless the site needs to be cleaned with an antiseptic wipe, in which case non- sterile gloves are sufficient.
C. The insertion of a nasogastric tube also does not typically require sterile gloves, as the gastrointestinal tract is not a sterile environment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Isometric exercises typically involve pushing or pulling against a stationary object or surface. This action creates muscle tension without joint movement.
B. Using a trapeze involves lifting the body and is more related to mobility assistance rather than isometric exercise. It typically involves movement and is not considered an isometric exercise.
C. Brisk walking is a cardiovascular exercise that involves movement and does not focus on muscle contraction without movement. It improves cardiovascular fitness and endurance rather than strength through isometric contraction.
D. Active range of motion exercises involve moving joints through their full range of motion using muscle strength. This is different from isometric exercises, which involve static muscle contractions without joint movement.
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