The nurse is caring for a 74-year-old male client. The client has a family history of prostate cancer, is 50 pounds overweight and history of smoking tobacco X 60 years. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for this client's health? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Overweight

History of prostate cancer

Male

Smoking

74-years-old

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

A. Overweight or obesity is a modifiable risk factor. It can be addressed through lifestyle changes such as diet modification, increased physical activity, and behavioral interventions aimed at weight loss.

D. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. It is within an individual's control to quit smoking, which can significantly reduce the risk of various health problems, including cancer.

B. A history of prostate cancer is not a modifiable risk factor. Once a person has had prostate cancer, it cannot be changed through lifestyle modifications or interventions.

C. Being male is a non-modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Gender is determined biologically and cannot be changed.

E. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor. As individuals age, they are naturally at higher risk for certain health conditions, including prostate cancer. Age cannot be changed through interventions.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increased pH (alkalosis) and an increased HCO3. In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which supports metabolic alkalosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which further supports metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is normal or slightly low (36 mmHg), which can occur as a compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis.

A. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by an increase in pH (alkalosis) and a decrease in PaCO2 (hypocapnia). In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), which indicates alkalosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is within the normal range (35-45 mmHg) but slightly on the lower side (slight hypocapnia). The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, which suggests a compensatory response by the kidneys to retain bicarbonate to counteract the alkalosis.

B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a decrease in pH (acidosis) and an increase in PaCO2 (hypercapnia). In this case, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts respiratory acidosis. The PaCO2 is 36 mmHg, which is normal or slightly low, not high as expected in respiratory acidosis. The elevated HCO3 (40 mEq/L) suggests a compensatory metabolic response to the alkalosis, not to acidosis.

C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH (acidosis) and a decreased HCO3. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5), indicating alkalosis, which contradicts metabolic acidosis. The HCO3 is elevated at 40 mEq/L, indicating metabolic alkalosis rather than metabolic acidosis.

A. Ineffective Sexuality Pattern B. Risk for Social Isolation C. Activity Intolerance D. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. This problem indicates that the client is not receiving adequate nutrition to meet metabolic needs, which can lead to malnutrition and compromised healing. Addressing imbalanced nutrition is crucial for maintaining health and supporting recovery.

A. This problem refers to disturbances in sexual function or satisfaction. While important to address, it is not typically considered a high priority compared to other physiological or safety-related issues unless it B This problem indicates the potential for the client to experience loneliness or social disconnection, which can impact mental and emotional well-being. While addressing social isolation is important for holistic care, it may not be as urgent as issues related to physical health or safety.

C This problem indicates the inability to endure physical activities or exercise due to insufficient physiological or psychological energy. Activity intolerance can be a significant concern post-operatively or in clients with chronic conditions, as it can affect recovery and overall functional ability.

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The nurse is caring for a 74-year-old male client. The client has a family history of prostate cancer, is 50 pounds overweight and history of smoking tobacco X 60 years. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for this client's health? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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