The nurse is caring for a 74-year-old male client. The client has a family history of prostate cancer, is 50 pounds overweight and history of smoking tobacco X 60 years. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for this client's health? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Clients with dementia often experience cognitive decline, which can affect their ability to navigate their surroundings safely. Modifying the environment can include simplifying the layout, reducing clutter, using clear signage, and ensuring adequate lighting to enhance orientation and reduce confusion.

B. Communication difficulties are common in dementia. Using short, simple sentences helps clients better understand instructions and information. It reduces confusion and frustration, promoting effective communication and cooperation during care.

C. Maintaining independence and dignity is crucial for clients with dementia. Allowing them to participate in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) to the extent possible helps preserve their functional abilities, boosts their self-esteem, and promotes a sense of control over their environment.

E. Providing choices within a structured framework can empower clients with dementia. It allows them to maintain some control over their daily routine and decisions, thereby enhancing their sense of autonomy and reducing agitation or resistance to care.

D. This is not an appropriate intervention. Social interaction, including visits from family members, can have significant emotional and psychological benefits for clients with dementia. It can help reduce feelings of isolation, improve mood, and provide reassurance and familiarity.

D. It acknowledges the client's emotions by expressing empathy ("I am sad for you") and offering support ("I'll stay with you for a while if you need to talk"). This approach validates the client's grief, acknowledges the significance of their loss, and offers the opportunity for the client to express their feelings if they choose to do so.

A. This can inadvertently minimize the client's grief by suggesting that the nurse's losses are comparable or that the nurse understands the client's emotions completely.

B. It does not acknowledge or validate the client's current emotions and may overlook the complex feelings associated with losing a parent.

C. This response, although intended to provide encouragement, may not be therapeutic in the context of immediate grief. It suggests a future positive outcome from the loss without acknowledging the client's current emotional pain.