A client is admitted to the emergency department with a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. The nurse is aware that a likely cause of the value is which of the following:
Alcoholism.
Dehydration.
Kidney failure.
Excessive magnesium intake.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Alcoholism is a common cause of hypomagnesemia due to poor dietary intake, increased renal excretion, and gastrointestinal losses. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to malnutrition and loss of magnesium through the urine, contributing to low magnesium levels.
Choice B rationale
Dehydration typically leads to hemoconcentration, which can elevate, rather than decrease, magnesium levels. Thus, it is not usually associated with low magnesium levels.
Choice C rationale
Kidney failure generally causes hypermagnesemia, not hypomagnesemia, because the kidneys cannot efficiently excrete magnesium, leading to its accumulation in the blood.
Choice D rationale
Excessive magnesium intake would result in hypermagnesemia, not hypomagnesemia, as the body accumulates more magnesium than it can excrete.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Condition: Myocardial infarction.
2 actions:
Administer oxygen via nasal cannula 2 L/min,
Request a prescription for aspirin 325 mg.
2 parameters:
Vital signs,
Electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm.
Rationale for correct condition: A myocardial infarction is indicated by the elevated troponin levels and ST elevation on the ECG. The client’s symptoms of chest pain, elevated heart rate, and low oxygen saturation support this diagnosis. Prompt identification and treatment are crucial to minimize heart damage. The medical history of hypertension and coronary artery disease increases the likelihood. Immediate interventions can significantly improve outcomes.
Rationale for actions: Administer oxygen to improve oxygenation and reduce myocardial workload. Requesting aspirin helps prevent further clot formation. Morphine alleviates pain but may obscure symptoms, making it less urgent. Nitroglycerin relieves chest pain by vasodilation but is secondary. Verapamil is less immediate for acute myocardial infarction management. Vital signs reflect hemodynamic status and response to treatment. ECG rhythm detects ongoing ischemia or arrhythmias. Monitoring WBC count is less relevant acutely. Platelet count is stable; not the focus in immediate management.
Rationale for parameters: Vital signs ensure hemodynamic stability and detect hypotension or shock. ECG rhythm monitors arrhythmias and ongoing ischemia, critical in myocardial infarction. WBC count indicates infection or inflammation, less immediate concern. Platelet count is important for bleeding risks but less immediate. Chronic stable angina presents with predictable, non-severe pain. Ischemic stroke symptoms differ; focus on neurological deficits. Cardiogenic shock would present with more severe hypotension and signs of organ failure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A complete blood count (CBC) can provide general information about the body's response to an MI, such as white blood cell count, but it is not definitive for diagnosing an MI.
Choice B rationale
A lipid profile measures cholesterol levels and helps assess cardiovascular risk, but it is not useful for diagnosing an acute MI.
Choice C rationale
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential for diagnosing an MI as it shows the heart's electrical activity and can indicate ischemia or infarction.
Choice D rationale
Troponin levels are the most specific and sensitive markers for myocardial infarction. Elevated troponin levels confirm heart muscle damage due to an MI, making it the definitive test.
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