A client asks the nurse to explain what metabolic syndrome is. Which of the following will the nurse include in education about risk factors for this syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Clinical obesity defined by abnormally high BMI or waist circumference

Elevated blood pressure

High triglycerides

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A Reason: This is correct because clinical obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Clinical obesity is defined by having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, or a waist circumference of more than 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women. Obesity can increase insulin resistance and inflammation, which can lead to metabolic syndrome.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because elevated blood pressure is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Elevated blood pressure is defined by having a systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg or higher. High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with metabolic syndrome.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because high triglycerides are a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Triglycerides are a type of fat that circulates in the blood and provides energy for the cells. High triglycerides are defined by having a level of 150 mg/dL or higher. High triglycerides can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and pancreatitis, which are related to metabolic syndrome.

Choice D Reason: This is correct because hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Hypercholesterolemia is defined by having a total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dL or higher, or a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 100 mg/dL or higher. LDL cholesterol is also known as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the arteries and cause plaque formation and narrowing, which can lead to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Choice E Reason: This is correct because hyperglycemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Hyperglycemia is defined by having a fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL or higher, or a hemoglobin A1c level of 5.7% or higher. Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of average blood glucose over three months. Hyperglycemia can indicate impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome.

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Correct Answer is ["2600"]

Explanation

The total fluid prescribed is 5,200 mL over 24 hours. We need to calculate how much fluid the client will receive in the first 8 hours.

Step-by-Step Calculation:

Step 1: Determine how much fluid is given in the first 8 hours. The rule is that half of the total fluid is administered in the first 8 hours.

Total fluid = 5,200 mL.
Fluid for the first 8 hours = Total fluid ÷ 2.

Write it out:
5,200 ÷ 2 = 2,600.

Result: 2,600 mL.

A. Macular degeneration B. Glaucoma C. Diabetic retinopathy D. Cataract

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Macular degeneration can cause blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, or dark spots in the visual field.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because glaucoma is a condition that affects the optic nerve, which is the nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries visual signals. Glaucoma can cause increased pressure inside the eye, damage to the optic nerve, and loss of peripheral vision.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses. Diabetic retinopathy can cause bleeding, swelling, or leakage of fluid in the retina, and loss of vision in any part of the visual field.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because cataract is a condition that affects the lens, which is the transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. Cataract can cause clouding or opacity of the lens, and reduced vision in all parts of the visual field.

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A client asks the nurse to explain what metabolic syndrome is. Which of the following will the nurse include in education about risk factors for this syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to start an IV infusion of Lactated Ringer's for a client who sustained a burn injury. The client is prescribed 5,200 mL of fluid over the first 24 hr. How many milliliters of fluid will the client receive in the first 8 hours? Record your answer.

Correct Answer is ["2600"]

Explanation

Step-by-Step Calculation:

A nurse is caring for a client who reports a decrease in central vision. The nurse should identify that this is a manifestation of which of the following visual impairments?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A blind client reports that they are having difficulty with sleep that is affecting their daytime activities. Which of the following will the nurse include in her plan of care for the client?

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