A client asks the nurse, "How can I prevent the formation of kidney stones?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A. ESWL is a non-invasive procedure, and it does not require a hospital stay. It is typically performed on an outpatient basis.

B. This is not entirely accurate. ESWL is a non-invasive procedure that does not require general anesthesia. Instead, the client may be given sedation or local anesthesia.

C. It is essential to maintain adequate hydration after ESWL to help pass the broken-up stone fragments. Avoiding all fluids for 24 hours is not recommended and may lead to dehydration.

D. This is the correct answer. ESWL uses shock waves to break up kidney stones, and the client will need to remain still during the procedure to ensure precise targeting of the stones. The procedure is usually painless, but some discomfort may be experienced during the process.

Questions

A. Uric acid stones may cause pain, but they do not typically present with costovertebral angle tenderness. Uric acid stones are more likely to be associated with gout and hyperuricemia.

B. Calcium oxalate stones are common and can cause pain, but they do not typically cause costovertebral angle tenderness. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

C. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones, also known as infection stones, can cause severe pain that radiates to the back and lower abdomen. They are often associated with urinary tract infections, and the presence of an infection can lead to costovertebral angle tenderness.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain with tenderness.