A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. While an airway is being established, what medication should the nurse prepare for immediate administration?

The correct answer is choice D. It is a belief common at this age.

Choice A rationale:

The statement does not suggest a failed attempt to develop a conscience. The scenario described is more related to the cognitive development of an 8-year-old child. Children at this age often have magical thinking and may interpret events, such as illness, as punishments for perceived wrongdoing. This is a normal aspect of their cognitive development rather than a reflection of a failed attempt to develop a conscience.

Choice B rationale:

While beliefs about punishment and consequences are present in many religions, the scenario is not about a general religious belief but rather a specific belief held by the individual child. This belief is reflective of the child's cognitive understanding and not necessarily a religious teaching common to most religions.

Choice C rationale:

The belief is not necessarily suggestive of excessive family pressure. While family dynamics can influence a child's beliefs and behaviors, the scenario describes a typical cognitive developmental stage where children are still learning to differentiate between reality and their own thoughts, leading to magical thinking and unique interpretations.

Choice D rationale:

The belief is indeed common at this age. During middle childhood, children often exhibit concrete operational thinking, which includes a tendency to interpret events in a self-centered and concrete manner. Beliefs like the one described in the scenario, where the child connects her illness to perceived bad behavior and potential consequences, are characteristic of this developmental stage.

The correct answer is choice C. They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.

Choice A rationale:

Lying resulting from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy is more characteristic of younger children and might not be as applicable to the 8 to 10-year-old age group.

Choice B rationale:

While cheating during games might be a behavior observed in children, it doesn't specifically address the characteristic of dishonesty outlined in the question for this age group.

Choice C rationale:

Children aged 8 to 10 years may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain. This is a manifestation of social pressure and the desire to avoid disappointing others or facing consequences for not meeting perceived expectations.

Choice D rationale:

Stealing due to a limited sense of property rights might apply more to younger children who are still developing their understanding of ownership and boundaries.