A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child will begin with which intervention?
Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time.
Administration of antidiarrheal medication.
Oral rehydration solution (ORS).
Intravenous fluids.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is choice C: Oral rehydration solution (ORS).
Choice A rationale:
Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time, might not be sufficient to adequately rehydrate a child with severe dehydration. Clear liquids lack the necessary electrolytes and glucose content to effectively combat dehydration and replace lost fluids.
Choice B rationale:
Administration of antidiarrheal medication is not the initial step in managing severe dehydration caused by acute diarrhea and vomiting. Antidiarrheal medications can slow down the gastrointestinal motility, which may exacerbate the problem by delaying the elimination of the causative agent and prolonging the dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the recommended initial intervention for managing severe dehydration caused by acute diarrhea and vomiting. ORS contains the appropriate balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) and glucose to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, thereby helping to rehydrate the child effectively. It is absorbed even when digestion is impaired due to the illness.
Choice D rationale:
Intravenous fluids might be necessary if the child's condition is very severe and oral intake cannot be maintained. However, it's not the first-line intervention. Oral rehydration is preferred whenever feasible because it is less invasive and can be administered even in mild to moderate dehydration cases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. The cuff bladder covers 50% to 66% of the length of the upper arm.
Choice A rationale:
Selecting a blood pressure cuff with a bladder that covers 50% to 66% of the length of the upper arm is the appropriate criterion for determining the cuff size for a 2-year-old boy. This range ensures accurate blood pressure measurement by ensuring a proper fit on the arm. If the cuff bladder is too small or too large, it can result in inaccurate readings.
Choice B rationale:
The label "toddler" on the cuff might be helpful in identifying the intended age group, but it doesn't provide precise measurements for cuff sizing. Relying solely on a label might not account for variations in arm sizes within the toddler age group.
Choice C rationale:
The cuff bladder width being 40% of the circumference of the upper arm might not be as accurate as the length-based criterion. A cuff that fits the arm's length is more critical in ensuring proper inflation and accurate blood pressure measurement.
Choice D rationale:
The cuff bladder length covering 80% to 100% of the circumference of the upper arm might result in an excessively large cuff for a 2-year-old, which can lead to inaccurate readings. Length-based sizing is more appropriate for accuracy in this scenario.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. The child needs opportunities to play with peers.
Choice A rationale:
While it's important for children with congenital heart disease to understand their limitations, it's not the primary concern in this scenario. Allowing the child to interact and play with peers is essential for their social, emotional, and psychological development.
Choice B rationale:
While parents play a crucial role in a child's care, completely isolating the child from peers is not ideal. Overprotectiveness can lead to social isolation and hinder the child's ability to develop important social skills.
Choice C rationale:
Children with congenital heart disease should be encouraged to engage in age-appropriate physical activities and play with peers. Of course, the level of activity should be discussed with the child's healthcare provider, but limiting the child's interactions could have negative consequences on their overall development and emotional well-being.
Choice D rationale:
While supervision is important for any child's safety, constant parental supervision to avoid overexertion might not be necessary or feasible. Educating the child about their limitations and providing opportunities for play while monitoring their comfort level is a more balanced approach.
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