The diet of a child with chronic renal failure is usually characterized as:.
Supplemented with vitamins A, E, and K.
High in protein.
Low in vitamin D.
Low in phosphorus.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is choice D: Low in phosphorus.
Choice A rationale:
Supplemented with vitamins A, E, and K is not the characteristic of the diet for a child with chronic renal failure. While vitamin supplementation might be necessary in some cases, the primary dietary considerations in chronic renal failure are related to managing electrolyte imbalances, fluid retention, and waste buildup due to compromised kidney function.
Choice B rationale:
High in protein is not the recommended characteristic of the diet for a child with chronic renal failure. Kidneys affected by chronic renal failure have a reduced ability to filter and excrete waste products from protein metabolism. Excessive protein intake can lead to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, potentially worsening the condition and contributing to uremia.
Choice C rationale:
Low in vitamin D is not the primary characteristic of the diet for a child with chronic renal failure. Vitamin D metabolism can be affected by kidney dysfunction, but the focus of the diet in chronic renal failure is primarily on managing electrolyte levels, particularly phosphorus and potassium, as well as controlling fluid intake.
Choice D rationale:
Low in phosphorus is the correct characteristic of the diet for a child with chronic renal failure. Impaired kidney function in chronic renal failure leads to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, which can result in elevated blood phosphorus levels. High phosphorus levels can contribute to bone and mineral disorders and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, a diet low in phosphorus is crucial to prevent these complications and manage the progression of the disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. Activity intolerance related to generalized weakness.
Choice A rationale:
Risk for injury related to depressed sensorium. This choice is not the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with moderate anemia. While anemia can lead to fatigue and weakness, the main concern is the child's ability to tolerate physical activities, not the risk of injury due to a depressed sensorium.
Choice B rationale:
Decreased cardiac output related to abnormal hemoglobin. This choice is not the most suitable nursing diagnosis for a child with moderate anemia. While abnormal hemoglobin levels can affect cardiac output, moderate anemia typically doesn't lead to such a significant decrease in cardiac output that it becomes the primary nursing diagnosis. Activity intolerance is a more relevant concern.
Choice C rationale:
Activity intolerance related to generalized weakness. This is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child diagnosed with moderate anemia. Moderate anemia results in a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to generalized weakness and reduced ability to perform physical activities without becoming fatigued. The child's hemoglobin levels are likely low enough to cause noticeable activity intolerance.
Choice D rationale:
Risk for Injury related to dehydration and abnormal hemoglobin. This choice is not the best nursing diagnosis for a child with moderate anemia. Dehydration may exacerbate the effects of anemia, but the primary issue here is the anemia itself causing weakness and activity intolerance, which are better addressed with the choice C diagnosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Potassium.
Choice A rationale:
Diuretics like furosemide are commonly used to treat congestive heart failure. They work by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium, from the body. Low levels of potassium (hypokalemia) can lead to various complications, including cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Since furosemide can cause potassium loss, it's important to ensure an adequate intake of potassium-rich foods. Bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables are excellent sources of potassium. Therefore, the nurse encourages the family to include these foods in the child's diet to help maintain a healthy potassium balance.
Choice B rationale:
Sodium is an important electrolyte, but in the context of congestive heart failure and diuretic use, the focus is more on avoiding excessive sodium intake. Diuretics like furosemide aim to reduce fluid retention by increasing sodium excretion, so it's not necessary to recommend high-sodium foods. Moreover, excessive sodium intake could exacerbate fluid retention and worsen the heart failure.
Choice C rationale:
Chlorides are often found in table salt (sodium chloride) and are not typically emphasized in the context of heart failure treatment or diuretic use. While they play a role in maintaining electrolyte balance, they are not the primary focus in this scenario.
Choice D rationale:
Zinc is a mineral that is not directly related to the treatment of congestive heart failure or the use of diuretics. It is important for various cellular functions and immune system support, but it's not the electrolyte of concern in this situation.
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