The nurse is evaluating a child who has been outside in the woods at camp. The child has multiple, small annular lesions without an indurated center on the arm. The nurse suspects Lyme disease.
Which stage of Lyme disease does the nurse believe that this child is exhibiting?
Fourth stage.
First stage.
Third stage.
Second stage.
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is choice B. First stage.
Choice A rationale:
There is no fourth stage of Lyme disease. Lyme disease typically progresses through three stages: early localized, early disseminated, and late disseminated. The symptoms mentioned in the question are more indicative of earlier stages of the disease.
Choice B rationale:
The child is likely exhibiting symptoms of the first stage of Lyme disease, known as early localized Lyme disease. This stage is characterized by the appearance of small annular (circular) lesions known as erythema migrans. These lesions are often red and have a clear center, resembling a "bull's-eye" pattern. This stage occurs within days to weeks after a tick bite and is usually accompanied by flu-like symptoms.
Choice C rationale:
There is no third stage of Lyme disease. The third stage is considered the late disseminated stage, which occurs months to years after the initial infection. It typically involves more severe symptoms, such as arthritis, neurological issues, and cardiac abnormalities.
Choice D rationale:
There is no second stage of Lyme disease. The second stage is the early disseminated stage, which occurs weeks to a few months after the tick bite. It involves the spread of the bacteria to other parts of the body, leading to symptoms such as multiple erythema migrans lesions, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hypoparathyroidism is not associated with exophthalmos. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone, leading to low calcium levels in the blood. This condition doesn't directly affect the thyroid gland or cause exophthalmos.
Choice B rationale:
Exophthalmos, also known as protruding or bulging eyes, is a classic symptom of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These elevated hormone levels can lead to a variety of symptoms, including increased metabolism, weight loss, nervousness, and protruding eyes due to inflammation of the eye muscles and tissues behind the eye.
Choice C rationale:
Hyperparathyroidism involves the overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and elevated calcium levels in the blood. While elevated calcium levels can have various effects on the body, exophthalmos is not a typical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. The condition is more commonly associated with bone and kidney issues.
Choice D rationale:
Hypothyroidism, the underproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, is not linked to exophthalmos. Instead, hypothyroidism is known for causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and slow heart rate. Exophthalmos is a characteristic sign of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
The correct answers are choices A, B, and D.
Choice A rationale:
Decreased urinary output can be a sign of heart failure, especially in infants. In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump effectively can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in decreased urine production.
Choice B rationale:
Sweating (inappropriate) is a symptom of heart failure in infants. Infants with heart failure might sweat excessively, especially while feeding or crying, due to the effort required by the heart to pump blood effectively.
Choice C rationale:
Warm flushed extremities are not typically associated with heart failure in infants. In heart failure, extremities might actually become cool and pale due to poor circulation.
Choice D rationale:
Anorexia, or a lack of appetite, is a common sign in infants with heart failure. The increased effort required for feeding due to compromised cardiac function can lead to poor feeding and decreased appetite.
Choice E rationale:
Weight loss can occur in infants with heart failure due to inadequate caloric intake, difficulty with feeding, and increased metabolic demands associated with heart failure. However, it's not as specific a sign as decreased urinary output, sweating, and anorexia.
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