What is the earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia?

The correct answer is choice B. Epinephrine.

Choice A rationale:

Diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine commonly used to relieve allergic symptoms such as itching, rash, and runny nose. While it can be part of the treatment for anaphylactic reactions, it is not the medication of choice for immediate administration in the case of a severe anaphylactic reaction like the one described in the scenario.

Choice B rationale:

Epinephrine. Correct Answer. In cases of severe anaphylactic reactions, epinephrine (adrenaline) is the medication of choice for immediate administration. Epinephrine acts rapidly to reverse life-threatening symptoms, such as airway constriction, low blood pressure, and hives. It works by dilating airways, increasing heart rate, and improving blood pressure.

Choice C rationale:

Dopamine. Dopamine is a medication used to increase blood pressure and cardiac output in certain critical situations. However, it is not the first-line treatment for anaphylactic reactions. Epinephrine's effects on airway and cardiovascular function make it the preferred choice in this context.

Choice D rationale:

Calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is not the appropriate medication for treating anaphylactic reactions. Its main medical uses include treating hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It does not address the primary symptoms and physiological changes associated with anaphylaxis.

The correct answer is choice A.

Choice A rationale:

Drawing is the most appropriate activity for developing fine motor skills in school-age children. Drawing involves precise hand movements, control of a writing instrument, and attention to detail. These skills contribute to fine motor skill development and hand-eye coordination.

Choice B rationale:

Singing is not directly related to fine motor skill development. While it can promote cognitive and social development, it does not require the same level of fine motor control as activities like drawing or writing.

Choice C rationale:

Swimming is a gross motor activity that focuses more on large muscle groups and overall coordination. It does not specifically target the refinement of fine motor skills.

Choice D rationale:

Soccer is also a gross motor activity that involves running, kicking, and coordination with teammates. While it promotes physical fitness and coordination, it does not emphasize the fine motor control required for activities like drawing.